Travel to Peru for Yoga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Travel to Peru for Yoga - Essay Example Other elements such as product price and ease of acquisition come into play. For instance, you have a car and you want somebody to clean it every day (ideal situation) because you feel bad about cleaning it every-day (actual situation) so you decide to outsource the services of an individual or a specialized firm to do this task at whatever cost. You don’t judge how to reach this ideal situation. So you won’t have a purchase in this situation. This is the second most important element in the buying process of a consumer. Once the consumer had identified the need for a product, the consumer will explore possible solutions to the needed problem. They will look for more information or less information depending on the choices they need to make as pertains to the identified need. There are two main sources for gathering information. They are external and internal sources. The internal source is already present in the consumers’ memory while the external source is obtained from either friends, family or from the press. The consumer will pay much attention to the internal information as opposed to the external information to make purchase decisions. Once the consumer collects all the information, they will explore more alternatives that seem suitable to satisfy their needs and pick the one that befits them. To make this possible, they will evaluate the attributes of a product. Each consumer has a unique way of evaluating these attributes. All brands are not equal to all consumers; consumers prefer different brands to others depending on how they perceive these brands.Consumers will also use the information that they had collected previously to make the evaluation easier for them. At this stage the consumer has evaluated all the options available with regards to the products. The remaining part is to make a purchase for the product that ultimately fulfills their need. This stage may also be

Relationship Between Management And Leadership Management Essay

Relationship Between Management And Leadership Management Essay 1.1: Explain the relationship between management and leadership. Management and leadership, these two terms are often used interchangeably; management is more usually viewed as getting things done through other people in order to achieve organizational goals. The managers may react to specific situations and more concerned with short term problem solving. Management is regarded as related to people working in a structured organization and with prescribed roles. The emphasis of leadership is on interpersonal behaviour in a broader sense. Belbin (1997, p 98) suggests that, there is a clear implication that leadership is not part of the job but quality that can be brought to a job à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The work that leadership encompasses in the context clearly is not assigned but comes about spontaneously. Leadership is one of the many assets of a successful manager which they must have. A leader can be a manager but it is not necessary that a manager must be a leader. The most important aim of a manager is to maximize the organizational output through managerial performance. But leader always seeks new possibilities and understand new possibilities in organization. Most of the workgroups are more loyal to leaders than managers. According to John P. Kotter (1999, p 67), All the managers must know that how to lead as well as manage. Because in this era, organizations may face the threat of loss if their managers do not know how to lead as well as manage. Organizations hire managers and give formal authority to manage people and other activities to fulfil organizational goals. Employees gladly follow the leaders because they want to, not because they have to. Leaders may not have the power to give rewards to the people. However, employees give power to the leaders by fulfilling what they want. On the other hand, managers may rely on formal authority to get employees to complete goals. Management, by its very nature, is challenging, precise, detailed and involves specific and usually, timed, actions.   Leadership, on the other hand,  requires a much broader sense and involves aligning, goal-setting, vision-sharing, inspiration and an inherent lack of any time criticality.  Good management includes aspects of good leadership and good leadership includes aspects of good management.   A leader devoid of management skill and a manager lacking any leadership capability will  each fail.  From my point of view, management is a science and can be learned. Leadership, however, is an art. While some  of the  capabilities necessary to being a great leader can be acquired over time, much of what makes  terrific  leaders great is inborn or, at the very least, was learned much earlier in life.   A successful organisation  cannot exist without both strong leadership and great management.   Over time, an organization will need to expand its team of managers to keep up with  its increasing number of deliverables.   The leadership team, however, will grow at a much slower rate or, perhaps, not at all.   Too many leaders, like too many chefs, will really foul things up. Despite a continuing debate on differences between management and leadership, there is a close relationship between them and it is not easy to separate them as distinct activities. 1.2: Analyse how management and leadership style impacts on the achievement of the objectives of your chosen organisation. Leadership in Nokia As the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Nokia Group, Jorma Ollila has very high educational background, he earned a masters degree in political science from the University of Helsinki, a masters degree in economics from the London School of Economics and a masters degree in science from the Helsinki University of Technology. In 1995, he was awarded an honorary doctorate degree in political science from the University of Helsinki, and in 1998, an honorary doctorate degree in technology from the Helsinki University of Technology. As a worldwide successful leader, he is an expert in the information and communications technology industry, he has plenty experience in this area. He does not only serve for Nokia, he also serves on the boards of Ford Motor Company, Otava Books and Magazines Group Ltd and UPM-Kymmene Corporation. Besides these, he is also a member of several professional organizations in the information and communications technology industry. Jorma has earned the worldwide respect. He is an Honorary Citizen of Beijing, China, and holds the Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany; the Order of Merit of the Hungarian Republic; and the Officers Cross, Order of White Star, Estonia. He is Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau and Commander, 1st Class, of the Order of the White Rose of Finland. Jorma has led Nokias reinvent as a company that sets the benchmark for mobile communications. As CEO he presented an ambitious strategy that successfully restructured the former industrial conglomerate and accelerated its growth into one of the most successful companies in both the mobile phone and telecommunications infrastructure markets. Under his leadership, Nokia has achieved global market leadership and is listed on six major exchanges. Jorma has his distinctive leadership; he concerns both employees and employees tasks. He provides equal opportunities and openness towards people and peoples new ideas are also key elements he wants to nourish. Employees are encouraged to be responsible for their own development and to take advantage of the various development opportunities available He encourages his employees to open discussion and debate, We listen to the views of our employees and act on them when designing our people policies and practices Jorma said. He also set up the investing-in-people program (IIP), which is a coaching and training program for the employees; such programs are very much focus on develop the managers. He provides the flexible working time to the employees; depending on the local market conditions, employees may take advantage of flexi time including flexible working hours and part-time working. Furthermore, Nokia has very good welfare service for the employees, and very good working environme nt. Moreover, he was also concerned about employees tasks. The concept of Nokia value is a guideline for the employees, wherever they are in the world. In order to encourage employees to working hard on the tasks, Nokia has Bonus system, which based on the employees working result. By applying the 360-Degree Feedback analysis, we can see that Jorma is a successful charming leader, who has achieved a high level of self-knowledge. He has the ability to motivate his employees, and very persistence on his career. He owns plenty leaderships, he know is business very well, and set clear performance to the employees. Besides, he is respected in the worldwide. Task 2: Understand management and leadership skills 2.1: Explain the personal and professional skills required for effective management of your chosen organisation. Leadership Requirements / Needs/ Skills: Leadership, as defined by most dictionaries, means to go before, or with, to show the way; to induce. Every organization needs a leader (and preferably several leaders) to show the way to others as the organization strives to define and achieve its goals. Whether these goals are entrepreneurial or humanitarian or both the leaders work is to instill a sense of purpose and passion to the work that the organization undertakes. Identifying, developing and sustaining leadership within the organization must be one of its strategic objectives. Without leaders at every level of organization, the organization may well under-perform. It may miss strategic opportunities, stifle innovation, underutilize its employees, and fall short of its goals in customer service, quality, productivity, and profitability. Russell Consulting, Inc. can guide an organization in identifying and developing its leaders. Organizations also help to develop the key competencies that will help develop and sustain leadership, but also sustain your companys long-term success. Leadership at every level makes all of the difference as to whether the company will be around for the long haul. Companies should invest in leadership today to sustain their success for tomorrow and beyond. The Proposed Competencies of Leadership to be develepoed at RCI: RCI has been developing leaders in its client organizations since 1987. It has designed and developed leadership programs that help define an ambitious role for leaders at every level and then build the competencies to fulfill this role. Some of the competencies that RCI has defined as core to the role of leaders include: Strategic Thinking Coaching Problem Solving Decision Making Systems Thinking Delegation Performance Management and Accountability Inspiring a Shared Vision Managing Conflict Building and Sustaining Teamwork Leading Change Quality and Productivity Improvement Servant Leadership Emotional Intelligence Innovation and Creativity Customer Service Employee Development Develop Trust Dealing with Ambiguity 360 degree feedback leadership style Transformational Leadership style Participative Leadership Participative Leadership Skills required by a manager: A perfect manager is a boon for any company. A good manager needs to have a strong knowledge about the functioning of a company. There are few who are born with natural skills where as there are some who need to work their way towards it. So, what are the skills needed to be a good manager? Which are the qualities he/she needs to have in order to ensure a smooth sailing at work? Well, lets look at what makes a good manager and all about corporate leadership. What are the Skills needed to be a Good Manager? A good manager should have all the basic leadership skills. There are various ways in which a person can handle different situations through various leadership roles. A good leader should be able to guide his/her teammates to be able to perform well. Leadership does not mean dominating people. One of the most important skills of a good manager is the knowledge of effective time management. A person who manages to plan the schedule and divide time equally between tasks can be an asset for the organization. A good manager should also have a visionary sight for the benefits of the company. He/she should plan the future steps for the growth of the company. For a team to perform well, a good manager should be able to motivate the team for their tasks. He/she should encourage talents. In case of people with low performances, he/she should tackle the situation with professionalism to reach a positive conclusion. Even in a crisis situation, a person with good managerial skills should be able to perform well. He/she should be mentally tough to handle any kind of situations. He/she should also be responsible enough to maintain a good office atmosphere. A manager should be sensitive towards others in the workplace. A happy atmosphere would only lead to more productivity for the company. With these skills, a person can definitely strive to be a good manager and thus be an asset for any organization! 2.2: Compare any four (4) skills and attributes of three (3) successful leaders you know. LEADERSHIP OF JORMA OLLILA Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Nokia Group, Jorma Ollila has very high educational background expert in the information and communications technology industry, he has plenty experience in this area Jorma has his distinctive leadership; he concerns both employees and employees tasks. He provides equal opportunities and openness towards people and peoples new ideas are also key elements he wants to nourish. We listen to the views of our employees and act on them when designing our people policies and practices Jorma said. He provides the flexible working time to the employees; depending on the local market conditions, employees may take advantage of flexi time including flexible working hours and part-time working. he was also concerned about employees tasks. LEADERSHIP OF REYMIN ZHANG His leadership is more task-orientated He set up a very clear and straightforward goal for his employees, and renews the companys regulations In order to achieve companys goal to build up the international brand, he divided the tasks to each department in a very specific way. He attaches importance to the employees recruitment, he recruits thousand of new blood every year, additionally, he have very close contact with the well known universities, 15% of his employees were signed contract with Hair when in the last year in the university. 2.3: Assess the expected impact of your own leadership styles on your work How Leadership Can Affect Change In An Organization: The leadership of an organization provides the direction and guidance for the future and can create an environment for growth or destruction dependent on the leadership style and technique that is utilized.    It is inevitable that there will be changes in an organization, whether it is related to downsizing, economic issues or location changes; these are just a few of the current changes that are being dealt with nation-wide.    The leadership of an organization sets the tone and process for others to follow during change.    Decisions that are made and the actions of the leadership mandate what the future holds for an organizations employees. Leaders have different traits that are inherent in their management techniques, those traits can be magnified during change and can help or hinder their leadership opportunities.    During organizational change, goals are set and a leader must possess the aptitude to help employees reach those goals.    A study by R.M. Stogdill discovered that the conception of a leader was someone who acquired status by showing the ability helps a group attain its goals (Yukl, 10.2.1, 2010).    Related to that study, it was noted that relevant traits included intelligence, alertness to the needs of others, understanding of the task, initiative and persistence in dealing with problems, self-confidence, and desire to accept responsibility and occupy a position of dominance and control in leaders (Yukl, 10.2.1, 2010).    Not all traits are universal, as noted by the study by Stogdill (Yukl, 2010), but the relevant traits appear to be found in many leaders.    Self-confidence is a powerful tra it for a leader to possess, but excessive self-confidence can make a leader overly optimistic about the likely success of a risky venture, and it may result in rash decisions and denial of evidence that a plan is flawed. A small company had been acquired by a larger firm. With this, the current leader had been let go and a new leader was appointed to take charge. Anticipate and Prepare-Being acquired by a larger firm may bring more awareness to a company or provide better benefits, but several cons may get in the way at first. During a transition period, many employees are sometimes left without a job, or have decided to move on to other things in the wake of unsatisfied changes. It was no different when a well-liked president of the company was phased out due to financial setbacks. The firm took a lengthy process to make a move until finally appointing an internal employee to serve as the interim president. Left with a lot of the dirty work, the new leader immediately went to work and restored and initiated productivity with his employees. His biggest attribute was that he was prepared for this new role before he was even appointed as the new president. His natural work ethic had already groomed him for charismatic leadership and when the opportunity for advancement came, he wasted no time in taking charge and continuing the work. Likewise, a strategic leader will be able to pick up the pieces and restore work productivity regardless of a drastic change. Being the cheerleader and still an enforcer, Teams leaders are versatile figures held accountable for their employees work performance. Get positioned for the future- A team leaders major objective is to keep worker performance at a high and encourage improving results that would ultimately lead to a brighter outlook and future. Preparing employees now enables them to do such. Team Leaders have a weekly, monthly or even yearly report to give so their main motivation would be to constantly focus on the progress and performance of their individuals. In order to maintain and continue a future of positive results, an effective team leader will use strategic planning in his/her strategic management. Mentally, he/she will find ways to encourage employees to perform high to obtain team incentives, but will also encourage strategic planning at the individual level. Training employees to strategically plan in their prospective territories will alleviate the leader with multiple responsibilities and generate a more productive outcome in the work area. With a focus on the individual employee, a team leader will have the power t o influence his/her employees to control their progress and look towards a better outcome. One department is flourishing with work productivity, while one department is far behind. Focus on the right energies- In a business world where deadlines are demanding and profits are important, companies and their leaders will hold work productivity as a high priority. A strategic leader will observe less than optimum circumstance and move quickly to create beneficial change. Saving time by focusing only on the right energies will help a company profit. For example, an employee serves in two departments, splitting duties between each. It is evident that his/her skills are stronger in research and development rather than in the sales department. A strategic leader may see more value in changing this employees role to work in this stronger area of expertise. At the same time, a strategic leader will realize that this employee may be able to provide unique insight across both functions that others can not. Strategic leaders will observe these situations quickly and waste no time in shifting employees to areas where both the individual and organizations can benefit the most . These glimpses give you some helpful scenarios of how strategic leadership can be applied in your work environment. Should you have any future problems with work productivity, profits or even issues with your employees, address those concerns with some professional guidance and youll discover how an investment in your team will result is bottom line results. Task 3: Be able to apply theory in an organisational context 3.1: Select four (4) appropriate theories of management and leadership to identify leadership requirements in given situations in your chosen organisation 1. Trait Theories: Similar in some ways to Great Man theories, trait theories assume that people inherit certain qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership. Trait theories often identify particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. If particular traits are key features of leadership, then how do we explain people who possess those qualities but are not leaders? This question is one of the difficulties in using trait theories to explain leadership. 2. Contingency Theories: Contingency theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. According to this theory, no leadership style is best in all situations. Success depends upon a number of variables, including the leadership style, qualities of the followers and aspects of the situation. 3. Situational Theories: Situational theories propose that leaders choose the best course of action based upon situational variables. Different styles of leadership may be more appropriate for certain types of decision-making. 4. Behavioral Theories: Behavioural theories of leadership are based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born. Rooted in behaviourism, this leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders not on mental qualities or internal states. According to this theory, people can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation. 5. Participative Theories: Participative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the input of others into account. These leaders encourage participation and contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and committed to the decision-making process. In participative theories, however, the leader retains the right to allow the input of others. The Advantages of Emerging Leadership Theories During the first half of the 20th century, leadership theories focused on traits and skills that were inherent in leaders and assumed that leaders were born, not made. Around 1960, new theories of leadership were developed that considered the impact of followers and tasks on leader effectiveness. These emerging styles, also called modern or current styles, include contingency models, situational and transformational leadership. Predictability Flexibility with Precision Lasting Motivation with Better Results The Advantages of Participative Leadership Theories Participative leadership theories encourage participation from employees on the decision-making process with organizational management. Sometimes the democratic style of leadership allows the employees to give suggestions on how a corporation operates and on decisions that facilitate change. Advantages of the participative theories include better employer and employee relationships, the discovery of future leaders, motivation, team spirit and employee productivity. Team Spirit Employee Productivity Motivation Employer/Employee Relationships Future Leadership Discovery 4.2: Plan the development of management and leadership skills for a given job role in your chosen organization. 4.3 Make justified evaluations of the management and leadership development methods selected in 4.2 above Plan the development of management and leadership skills and evaluation of these skills Strategic leadership is a self-explanatory term, and even when separated, still provides a meaningful definition. A definition of strategic leadership can be summed up as the ability to anticipate, prepare, and get positioned for the future. In past experience, company has been able to pinpoint specific examples of colleagues who have exemplified strategic leadership in their professions. Here are some examples of how strategic leadership is essential to a work environment. A small company had been acquired by a larger firm. With this, the current leader had been let go and a new leader was appointed to take charge. Anticipate and Prepare-Being acquired by a larger firm may bring more awareness to a company or provide better benefits, but several cons may get in the way at first. During a transition period, many employees are sometimes left without a job, or have decided to move on to other things in the wake of unsatisfied changes. It was no different when a well-liked president of the company was phased out due to financial setbacks. The firm took a lengthy process to make a move until finally appointing an internal employee to serve as the interim president. Left with a lot of the dirty work, the new leader immediately went to work and restored and initiated productivity with his employees. His biggest attribute was that he was prepared for this new role before he was even appointed as the new president. His natural work ethic had already groomed him for charismatic leadership and when the opportunity for advancement came, he wasted no time in taking charge and continuing the work. Likewise, a strategic leader will be able to pick up the pieces and restore work productivity regardless of a drastic change. Being the cheerleader and still an enforcer, Teams leaders are versatile figures held accountable for their employees work performance. Get positioned for the future- A team leaders major objective is to keep worker performance at a high and encourage improving results that would ultimately lead to a brighter outlook and future. Preparing employees now enables them to do such. Team Leaders have a weekly, monthly or even yearly report to give so their main motivation would be to constantly focus on the progress and performance of their individuals. In order to maintain and continue a future of positive results, an effective team leader will use strategic planning in his/her strategic management. Mentally, he/she will find ways to encourage employees to perform high to obtain team incentives, but will also encourage strategic planning at the individual level. Training employees to strategically plan in their prospective territories will alleviate the leader with multiple responsibilities and generate a more productive outcome in the work area. With a focus on the individual employee, a team leader will have the power t o influence his/her employees to control their progress and look towards a better outcome. One department is flourishing with work productivity, while one department is far behind. Focus on the right energies- In a business world where deadlines are demanding and profits are important, companies and their leaders will hold work productivity as a high priority. A strategic leader will observe less than optimum circumstance and move quickly to create beneficial change. Saving time by focusing only on the right energies will help a company profit. For example, an employee serves in two departments, splitting duties between each. It is evident that his/her skills are stronger in research and development rather than in the sales department. A strategic leader may see more value in changing this employees role to work in this stronger area of expertise. At the same time, a strategic leader will realize that this employee may be able to provide unique insight across both functions that others can not. Strategic leaders will observe these situations quickly and waste no time in shifting employees to areas where both the individual and organizations can benefit the most . These glimpses give you some helpful scenarios of how strategic leadership can be applied in your work environment. Should you have any future problems with work productivity, profits or even issues with your employees, address those concerns with some professional guidance and youll discover how an investment in your team will result is bottom line results. How Leadership Can Affect Change In An Organization: How Leadership Can Affect Change in an Organization The leadership of an organization provides the direction and guidance for the future and can create an environment for growth or destruction dependent on the leadership style and technique that is utilized.    It is inevitable that there will be changes in an organization, whether it is related to downsizing, economic issues or location changes; these are just a few of the current changes that are being dealt with nation-wide.    The leadership of an organization sets the tone and process for others to follow during change.    Decisions that are made and the actions of the leadership mandate what the future holds for an organizations employees. Leaders have different traits that are inherent in their management techniques, those traits can be magnified during change and can help or hinder their leadership opportunities.    During organizational change, goals are set and a leader must possess the aptitude to help employees reach those goals.    A study by R.M. Stogdill discovered that the conception of a leader was someone who acquired status by showing the ability helps a group attain its goals (Yukl, 10.2.1, 2010).    Related to that study, it was noted that relevant traits included intelligence, alertness to the needs of others, understanding of the task, initiative and persistence in dealing with problems, self-confidence, and desire to accept responsibility and occupy a position of dominance and control in leaders (Yukl, 10.2.1, 2010).    Not all traits are universal, as noted by the study by Stogdill (Yukl, 2010), but the relevant traits appear to be found in many leaders.    Self-confidence is a powerful tra it for a leader to possess, but excessive self-confidence can make a leader overly optimistic about the likely success of a risky venture, and it may result in rash decisions and denial of evidence that a plan is flawed. CONCLUSION   In conclusion, The process of accessing a persons leadership ability is a complex and often a difficult task; different leaders has different leadership style, there are many factors influence them on their leadership, such as the personal characteristics, the situation they have involved, and also the people need to manage, etc. Jorma have a very people-oriented style of leadership, he concern about his subordinate; conversely, Reymin is a more product-oriented leader, he paid big attention on the employees task more them employee themselves. There many leadership models can be adopted to analyze those two leader, but there are three most suitable models have been adopted, whatever the models have been used, it is all exactly reflect Jorma and Reymins personal leadership style.

outbreak :: essays research papers

Filoviruses Viruses are microscopic intracellular parasites that can only reproduce within a host cell. Viruses lack the enzymes for the process of metabolism and contain no ribosomes or other parts to make their own proteins. The types of cells a virus can infect are limited to its host range. Filoviruses (Figure 1) belong to a virus family called Filoviridae and can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. Filovirus virons appear in several shapes; these shapes are known as pleomorphism. They may either appear as long, often branched filaments, shorter filaments, or in a circle formation. The filaments can measure up to 14,000 nanometers in length, and have some have a diameter of up to 80 nanometers. Each is coated in a lipid membrane and contains a molecule of negative-sense RNA. Replication of filoviruses occurs through the production of buds on the surface of the host cell (See Figure 1). The two types of filoviruses that have been identified are the Marburg virus and Ebola virus. There are four different subtypes of the Ebola virus: Ivory Coast, Sudan, Zaire, and Reston. Ebola-Reston does not cause any severe disease conditions in humans it can however, be fatal within monkeys. Marburg The Marburg disease (Figure 2) was first seen in the August, 1967 in Marburg, Germany. Three workers that were employed by Behringwerke AG, a vaccine-producing branch from pharmaceutical company, Hoechst AG were suffering from muscle aches and mild fevers. The conditions the workers had were similar to characteristic of the flu, but it was strange to have the flu in the summer. They were then hospitalized. The following day they became nauseated. Their spleens became enlarged and their eyes became bloodshot. The demeanors grew morose but aggressive. In addition, the nurse and doctor who were taking care of the three patients became ill. By September 23, the number of patients suffering from this Marburg grew to 23. Two other outbreaks were occurring in Frankfurt and Yugoslavia. The people sick were also employees of pharmaceutical research or were in the field of patient care. Many people feared that this deadly virus was airborne. A great deal of mystery surrounded the illness since no one was aware of how it was transmitted, what an effective treatment might be, or how many more people could potentially get sick. Each patient exhibited the same symptoms and went through the same process before dying.

Classic Hollywood in Comedy Films

During Hollywood's classical period, the seamless style was particularly favored, it championed narrative economy. In other words, films were constructed so that the viewer was not aware of the construction. This practice of effacing a film's construction actually depends on a complex system of visual codes. Hollywood films, as opposed to art films or some types of foreign films, embrace a narrative that is highly efficient and that is determined by cause and effect. For example, The opening of a film typically plunges us_ _into an immediate understanding of an individual character. While natural causes, like floods and earthquakes, or societal causes, such as wars or strikes, might prod the character in a certain direction or serve as a backdrop, the narrative inevitably centers on the individual's choices. This swift movement toward resolution of the conflict has been made efficiently in what is often referred to as the three-act structure. As celebrated screenwriter Ernest Lehman put it more clearly, â€Å"In the first act, it's who are the people and what is the situation of this whole story. The second act is the progression of that situation to a high point of conflict. And the third act is how the conflicts and problems are resolved. † Though modern films frequently depart from the continuity style, this style remains a baseline standard of effective visual storytelling. During the classical Hollywood era, each studio was known for a certain genre of film or a particular roster of stars. Spencer Tracy, Bing Crosby, Charlie Chaplin were some of the well-known performers that emerged during this period. Comic films began to appear in significant numbers during the era of silent films in roughly 1895 to 1930. The visual humor of these silent films relied on slapstick. A very early comedy short was Watering the Gardener (1895) by the Lumiere brothers. In American film, the most prominent comic actors of the silent era were Charlie Chaplin. A popular trend during the 1920s and afterward was comedy in the form of animated cartoons with stars such as Betty Boo appearing. Toward the end of the 1920s, the introduction of sound into movies made possible dramatic new film styles and the use of verbal humor. Many film scholars will argue, film was never entirely â€Å"silent. † Most movies were accompanied by some kind of music and even, at times, live narration. During the 1930s the silent film comedy was replaced by dialogue from film comedians such as the W. C. Fields and the Marx Brothers. The comedian Charlie Chaplin was one of the last silent film hold-outs. 1930 and 1948 are generally considered bookends to Hollywood's Golden Age, the period when these eight companies secured 95 percent of all film rentals and close to 70 percent of all box-office receipts. In the United Kingdom, film adaptations of stage farces were popular in the early 1930s, while the music hall tradition strongly influenced film comedy into the 1940s. With the entry of the United States into World War II, Hollywood became focused on themes related to the conflict. Comedies portrayed military themes such as service, civil defense, boot-camp. The war-time restrictions on travel made this a boom time for Hollywood, and nearly a quarter of the money spent on attending movies. As TV became filled with family-oriented comedies, the 1950s saw a trend toward more adult social situations. Only the Walt Disney studios continued to steadily release family comedies. The release of comedy films also went into a decline during this decade. Toward the end of the 1950s, darker humor and more serious themes had begun to emerge, including satire and social commentary. Dr. Strangelove (1964) was a satirical comedy about Cold War paranoia. Among the leading lights in comedy films of the next decade were Woody Allen and Mel Brooks. Both wrote, directed and appeared in their movies. Brooks' style was generally slapstick and zany in nature, often parodying film styles and genres, including Universal horror films (Young Frankenstein), westerns (Blazing Saddles) and Hitchcock films (High Anxiety). Most British comedy films of the early 70s were spin-offs of television series, including Dad's Army and On the Buses. The greatest successes, however, came with the films of the Monty Python team, including _And Now For Something Completely Different_ (1971), One of the major developments of the 1990s was the re-emergence of the romantic comedy film, encouraged by the success of When Harry Met Sally†¦ n 1989 Another development was the increasing use of â€Å"gross-out humor† usually aimed at a younger audience, in films like _There's Something About_ Mary__, American Pie) and its sequels. In mid 2000s the trend of â€Å"gross-out† movies is continuing, with adult-oriented comedies picking up the box office. The screwball comedy is a subgenre of the co medy film genre. It has proven to be one of the most popular and enduring film genres. First gained prominence in 1934 with It Happened One Night and, although many film scholars would agree that its classic period ended ometime in the early 1940s, elements of the genre have persisted, or have been paid homage to, in contemporary film. Modern screwball comedies include: Burn After Reading (2008), d. Joel and Ethan Coen Pineapple Express) (2008) d. David Gordon Green The Hangover) (2009) d. Todd Phillips Many elements of the screwball genre can be traced back to such stage plays such as ‘__As You Like_ It_’and and Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest. Like farce, screwball comedies often involve mistaken identities or other circumstances in which a character or characters try to keep some important fact a secret. Sometimes screwball comedies feature male characters cross-dressing, further contributing to the misunderstandings (Bringing Up Baby, I Was a Male War Bride, Some Like It Hot). They also involve a central romantic story, usually in which the couple seem mismatched and even hostile to each other at first, and â€Å"meet cute† in some way. Another common element is fast-talking, witty repartee (You Can't Take It With You), His Girl Friday). This stylistic device did not originate in the screwballs (although it may be argued to have reached its zenith there): it can also be found in many of the old Hollywood cycles including the gangster film, romantic comedies, and others. The philosopher Stanley Cavell has noted that many classic screwball comedies turn on an interlude in the state of Connecticut (Bringing Up Baby, The Lady Eve, The Awful Truth Some notable directors of screwball comedies include: Frank Capra George Cukor Howard Hawks

Apes Miller Ch. 1 Questions

Miller Chapter 1 Reading Questions 1. Three ways that human activities are affecting the environment include our exponential increase in population and our resource consumption, which have degraded the air, water, soil, and species in the natural systems that support our lives and economies. A third way is limiting the access that other species have to resources. 2. The goals of environmental science are to learn how nature works, how the environment affects us, how we affect the environment, and how we can live more sustainably without degrading our life-support system. 3.Environmentalism is a social movement dedicated to protecting the earth’s life-support systems for us and other species, and is political in nature. Sustainability, also known as durability, is the ability of earth’s various systems to survive and adapt to changing environmental conditions indefinitely. 4. The five steps towards sustainability are understanding the components and importance of natural capital, recognizing that human activities degrade natural capital by using resources faster than they can be renewed, looking for workable solutions, making trade-offs or compromises, and recognizing that individuals matter.They must be supported by sound science, or the concepts and ideas that are widely accepted by experts in a particular field of the natural or social sciences. 5. Natural capital is the natural resources and services that keep us and other species alive and support our economies. It changes over millions of years in response to environmental changes such as global warming and cooling and huge asteroids hitting the earth. 6. Economic growth is an increase in the capacity of a country to provide people with goods and services.It’s measured by GDP, the annual market value of all goods and services produced by all firms and organizations, foreign and domestic, operating in a country. It goes up with either a population increase, more production and consumpti on, or both. Changes in this growth are measured by per capita GDP, or the GDP divided by the total population at midyear. Economic development is the improvement of human living standards by economic growth. The United Nations classifies this based on a country’s degree of industrialization and their per capita GDP. 7. Developed countries are highly industrialized and have high average per capita GDP.All other nations are developing countries, whether they are middle-income or low-income. Developing countries tend to have the greatest population increases, as well as the greatest disparities between the rich and the poor as far as income goes. 8. 82% of the world’s population comes from developing countries. 9. 1. 5% of the world’s population growth comes from developing countries, as compared to merely 0. 1% in developed countries. 10. The rule of 70 calculates how long it takes to double the world’s population or economic growth at various exponential rates of growth. The formula is 70/percentage growth rate = doubling time in years. 1. The tragedy of the commons is the degradation of renewable free-access resources. The term was coined in 1968 by biologist Garrett Hardin. Basically, the logic is that â€Å"if I don’t use it, somebody else will anyway†. On a large scale, this only leads to waste and overconsumption. 12. One solution to the tragedy of the commons is to use free-access resources at rates well below their estimated sustainable yields by reducing population, regulating access to resources, or both. Another solution is to convert free-access resources to private ownership, so investments are protected. 3. Privatization doesn’t always work if a private owner values increasing profit over protecting natural resources that they own. It is also impractical for global common resources that cannot be divided up and converted to private property. 14. An ecological footprint is the amount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply an area with resources and to absorb the wastes and pollution produced by such resource use. The countries with the largest ecological footprint are the United States, the European Union, China, India, and Japan. 5. To shift towards more sustainable consumption, China and India should lower meat consumption (specifically China), limit population growth (including increased access to birth control), and promote and fund research into sustainable living. The United States, Japan, and the European Union should also promote and fund research into sustainable living, as well as lowering oil consumption by supporting alternative energy and promoting a less consumer-centric lifestyle to their citizens. 16. Point sources of pollutants are single, identifiable sources.An example is a smokestack of a coal-burning industrial plant. Non-point sources are larger, dispersed, and often difficult to identify and therefore much harder and more expensive to control. An example is pesticides sprayed into the air or blown by the wind into the atmosphere. 17. Two basic approaches to dealing with pollution are pollution prevention (input pollution control), which reduces or eliminates the production of pollution, and pollution cleanup (output pollution control), which involves cleaning up or diluting pollutants after they have been produced. 18.Three problems with relying on pollution cleanup are that it is only a temporary bandage as long as population and consumption levels grow without corresponding improvements in pollution control technology, cleanup often removes a pollutant from one part of the environment only to cause pollution in another, and once pollutants have entered and been dispersed into the environment at harmful levels it usually costs too much or is impossible to reduce them to acceptable levels. 19. Five basic causes of environmental problems are population growth, wasteful resource use, poverty, poor environmental acc ounting, and environmental ignorance. 0. Poverty causes environmental problems because the poor often deplete forests, soils, grasslands, and wildlife for short-term survival since they don’t have the luxury of worrying about the long-term environment. They also have the most population growth. 21. Affluenza is the unsustainable addiction to overconsumption and materialism exhibited in the lifestyles of many affluent consumers in developed countries and the rising middle class in certain developing countries. It is based on the assumption that buying more things brings happiness. 22.In the United States, the air is cleaner, most rivers and lakes are cleaner, and drinking water is purer. However, this is because the waste and pollution is transferred to more distant locations. 23. The environmental impact (I) of a population on a given area depends on three key factors: the number of people (P), the average resource use per person or affluence (A), and the beneficial and harmf ul environmental effects of the technologies (T) used to provide and consume each unit of a resource and control or prevent the resulting pollution and environmental degradation. 4. Three major cultural changes have impacted the environment. The agricultural revolution allowed people to settle in villages and raise crops and domesticated animals. The industrial-medical revolution led to a shift towards urban society using fossil fuels to manufacture material items, agriculture, and transportation. It also used science to improve sanitation and understand and control disease. The information-globalization revolution is based on using new technologies for gaining rapid access to much more information on a global scale. 5. To shift to a sustainable economy, we must shift to a renewable energy-based and reuse/recycle economy with a diversified transport system. This requires restructuring the global economy to sustain civilization, a large effort to eradicate poverty, stabilize populati on, and restore hope, as well as a systematic effort to restore natural systems. 26. Your environmental worldview is a set of assumptions and values about how you think the world works and what your role in the world should be.Environmental ethics is concerned with your beliefs about what is right and wrong with how we treat the environment. 27. There are three main types of environmental worldviews. Planetary management worldview holds that nature exists to meet our needs and wants, and that we can use ingenuity and technology to manage the earth’s life-support systems with unlimited economic growth. Stewardship worldview holds that we can manage the earth for our benefit but we have an ethical responsibility to be caring and responsible managers, or stewards, of the earth.Environmental wisdom worldview holds that we are part of and totally dependent on nature and that nature exists for all species. It calls for encouraging earth-sustaining forms of economic growth. 28. Four basic components of Earth’s nature that we can mimic are reliance on solar energy, biodiversity, population control, and nutrient recycling. 29. Current emphasis needs to be shifted to how the individual matters, working together and communicating for social change, and finding trade-off solutions to environmental problems, in order to achieve sustainable emphasis.

Feminism Essays (404 words) - Womens Rights, Feminist Theory

Feminism Essays (404 words) - Womens Rights, Feminist Theory Feminism The word feminism has many connotations. Some include lesbian, feminazi, man-hater, and baby killer. It is interesting to note that all these words convey a negative feeling. It is rare to hear feminism described as female empowerment or as an organized activity on behalf of women's rights and interests, which is how it is defined in the dictionary. Why has feminism taken on such a negative meaning? In this course, feminism has been defined as female empowerment, the recognition of oppression, and the advocation of equality. The syllabus clearly states that academic feminism is not about male bashingit is about challenging racist, sexist, classist, and homophobic ideologies in order to theorize about a more equitable society, and it is about transforming some of the existing patriarchal and racist paradigms in order to eliminate oppression. In my opinion, any strong and independent woman would want to be labeled as a feminist. Yet many women are cautious, afraid even, of aligning themselves with the word feminist. Fear is part of the equationthe justifiable fear of what lies ahead for any woman boldly proclaiming her commitment to empowerment(Morgan, 55). Is it because in order to be a feminist, a woman must deal with false assumptions about her sexual preference, cultural beliefs, and general outlook on life? I dreaded the long, tedious conversations spent exorcising others of the stereotypes that tend to haunt the collective consciousness.when we think of the f-wordmale basher, crew cut dyke..(Morgan, 56). What woman would want to deal with this constant barrage of insults in order to proclaim herself a feminist? Feminism is often identified with the radical and extreme definition associated with one of its subcategories, Radical Feminism. Radical Feminism emphasized the relationship of women to each other, even going so far as to advocate separatism (women only communes, withholding sex) in order to change the system. Unfortunately, this theory promoted the idea of feminists as lesbians, as man haters who wished to separate themselves from an unjust patriarchal society. Contemporary mass media has also contributed to the negative attitude surrounding feminism. The term feminazi, coined by television and radio personality Rush Limbaugh, is defined by anti-feminists as a feminist who is trying to produce as many abortions as possible, hence the term nazi. Limbaugh is obviously under the misconception that all feminists are pro-choice, which coincides with the whole lesbian/man-hating feeling towards feminism.

The nobility in eighteenth century Europe Essays

The nobility in eighteenth century Europe Essays The nobility in eighteenth century Europe Paper The nobility in eighteenth century Europe Paper Essay Topic: History From the outside the nobility may have appeared to be a monolithic institution, powerful and united in defence of its interest. 1 But in reality there were many divides within the nobility, such as the divisions between the old and new nobility or the rich and poor. Frictions between such groups have been held largely responsible for the erosion of power and prestige of the nobility within the eighteenth century, and some commentators such a Doyle have gone as far as claiming that their internal divisions left the nobility powerless, in other words paralysed. To find out if this was indeed true the internal divisions have to be looked at in greater detail and these must be balanced against the number of other factors that united rather than divided the nobility. Many of the divisions in noble society were caused by non-structural conflicts between individuals, families or parties. 2 However many other troubles were drawn along structural lines. Probably the best example of this was the divide between the rich nobles and the poor nobles. The ethos of nobility meant implied that nobles live off their own states, in a life of decadence, but this was far from the case for the majority of the nobles in Europe, as honourable birth and status provided no guarantees against poverty. 3 This was particularly the case in Eastern and Southern Europe where the nobility was extremely large and extensive. 4 Often this resulted in them having to work and, in extreme cases, live as commoners. The poor nobility deeply resented this and were envious of the richer nobility who flaunted their wealth, wasting huge sums on money on their own pleasure and vanity. The richer nobles were equally distaining. They saw the poorer nobles as an insult to their elevated class and felt that their failure degraded their position. Similar rivalries were present between the old, traditional nobility and the new nobility. Nobles liked to believe that they came from a long line of noble ancestors, but in reality this was rarely the case as the turnover of nobility was usually quite fast, as newcomers were able to be ennobled during the eighteenth century in every country except Venice, Genoa and Russia who officially operated closed door policies starting in 1758. Traditionally, there were two main ways that the nobility could be ennobled; firstly wealthy nobles and entrepreneurs could buy into the nobility. Louis XIV, for example periodically put titles on the market at times of great financial need. Thus, in France it was widely accepted that while not every nobleman was rich, every rich man was noble. 6 Or, secondly they could become noble by assuming t he noble lifestyle and hence acting like the nobility. During the eighteenth century a third means of status gain emerged, in the form of gaining administrative posts. This created a division between nobles of the crown those who conducted royal administration and nobles of the sword, who were the older nobility, whose royal function was principally military7. The nobles of the sword saw themselves as inherently more important than nobles of the robe, as they believed in the old connection between military valour and honour. They were hugely frustrated that the administrative nobles, while coming from supposedly inferior blood lines, were at the controls of government, while they had little influence in governmental affairs. Also it was obvious that these administrative posts had been secured by wealth, which the rich nobles despised and the poor nobles envied8. Along the same lines as the rift between the old nobility of the robe, and the newer one of the sword was that of the court versus country nobility. Traditionally, great magnates had lived in the country on their landed estates, and ruled over their dynasties. But the eighteenth century brought a centralisation of governance, and the nobles of the country were left increasingly isolated. It was the metropolitan noble, many of whom were relatively new to the nobility, who gained from this. Their estates were undoubtedly less grand, but they were at the centre of influence and were more able to influence their monarchs and the distribution of patronage. 9 This they used to better their own needs and their power in relation to the great magnates. This is highlighted by a magistrate in late eighteenth century declaring the court nobility has, at all times, been the most pronounced and most dangerous enemy of other nobles. 10 Religion could also be a factor for division. In England and Ireland after the defeat of the Catholic aggressors in 1691, Catholic nobles were deposed and by 1703 only 14% of Irish land was owned by Catholics. 11 Similarly, during the seventeenth century the Habsburg nobility had been divided over religion, with the upper nobility retaining Catholicism, while the lesser nobility adopted Protestantism. But how far did these divisions lead to the weakening of the nobility? During the eighteenth century there was an apparent sift of power from magnates to a more absolute state. Kamen summarises this well Thanks to divisions among the elite, the state was able to slowly extend its authority and encourage the creation of a national loyalty that transcended local allegiances headed by nobles. 12 However, monarchs and governments were never able to infringe greatly on noble power as they feared the strength of a rebellious nobility and needed the nobilitys support to consolidate their own power. For example, the English Parliament failed, in 1701, to pass legislation banning nobles from governing. 3 But the most potent threat to the nobility was undoubtedly the politicisation of the peasantry and the rise of the middle class. Since the enlightenment, European society had been witness to an ever-increasing, secular group who questioned the rights of nobles to rule. They were supported by religious leaders, as many started to declare nobles undeserving of their titles and ungodly14. Many of the peasantry, tired of being at the undesirable end of the class system, found this very attractive and, led by the middle classes, attempted to take advantage of the nobles division. This clearly happened in France, where the conflicts between the aristocracy, as well as the economic success of an extremely large bourgeois population led to the French Revolution, the disposition of the aristocracy and French nobles leaving the majority of the 83 French governmental departments. 15 But, elsewhere in Europe, while there were revolts and rebellion, the nobility were never deposed. Even though there was, present, this cascade of distain16 existed amongst the nobility of the eighteenth century, there were a number of unifying factors. Many nobles were installed with the notions of nobility and, recognising each others membership strengthened their own position. 17 This was further strengthened by writing such as Montesquieus Spirit of Law (1748), which outlined the nobilitys role in society18. Similarly, nobles were often reluctant to question other nobles legitimacy, in case this provoked these nobles or the peasantry to start posing similar questions against them. The nobles in this period came to recognise the united nature of their supreme social status. They were sure that unless the lower classes were under control, they would instinctively rise and revolt. 19 Noble families were also brought together by matrimonial alliances. 20 As a result of primogeniture, second and third sons were often unable to find a wife of the same social class, and therefore if they inspired to marry within the nobility, they had to marry into a lower level. But, by the end of the eighteenth century the distinctions between the noble factions were decreasing, as the groups started to merge. A form of noble exchange was created as bureaucrats desired to gain land, while the landed nobility desired to gain office and governmental influence21. It was also becoming increasingly apparent to the old nobility that in the ever expanding economy, no longer could they look down on the virtue of work. For them to survive they had to start taking part in some sort of enterprise. 22 There is little doubt that the nobility of the eighteenth century were greatly weakened by their internal divisions, leading to a greater centralisation of power and state control, but paralysed is too extreme a description. It is not easy to assess the strengths of the nobilities in most European countries, as only in France was the nobility properly tested, but the fact that elsewhere the middle classes and peasant masses where unable to sustain any national revolts shows that the nobility was far from paralysed. They had their divisions, but they also had many unifying factors; the common sense of nobility and the privileges that nobility entailed, were too great to create too permanent splintering. This was compounded as the century progressed and the noble groupings became blurred, leading, in general, to a frictional but robust noble class.

How Developmental Editing Can Help Your First Draft

How Developmental Editing Can Help Your First Draft Stuck on your first draft? Call a developmental editor... or a ghostwriter So, you’ve got an original idea for a book. Maybe it’s the memoir you’ve meant to write for years, or a stunning business book designed to shake up the status quo in Silicon Valley. Once you have this idea, how do you turn it into an actual manuscript?Writing a book is no simple task, which is why published authors often work with an editor to develop their ideas before they even type ‘Chapter One’ on the top of a blank page. But for you -   the independent author who doesn’t have a book deal, let alone a dedicated editor at a publishing house -   who can you turn to for help with your first draft?You’re spoiled for choice with the quality of publishing professionals you can find on the web (*cough* Reedsy *cough*), but who’s your first call? We spoke to editors and ghostwriters on our network who were happy to shed some light on the professional help available to authors at the start of their creative journey.If you’r e truly not sure how to approach your first draft, but you’re passionate about the seed of an idea for a fiction or nonfiction book, the person you may want to contact is a developmental editor.What is developmental editing?Sometimes, this is called â€Å"structural editing† or even â€Å"substantive editing.† No matter what terms you use to describe this type of work, know that it involves developing the big ideas in your book (hence the popular term, â€Å"developmental editing†). In the broadest sense, a developmental editor will not be correcting your misplaced commas. Instead, you’ll be collaborating with someone who specializes in the fine art of idea generation and concept clarification. A developmental editor specializes in the fine art of idea generation and concept clarification. With fiction, developmental work might involve high-level discussions on character arcs, themes, plotting, and pacing. By getting all these elements in place before a first draft, you could potentially save a lot of time and money in rewrites. Fiction editors will often work with authors at any point of the writing process, whether you have 50 pages written or nothing more than an idea. Developmental editing can also be useful if you’ve completed the first draft and don’t know how to move forward with revisions.Non-fiction developmental editingIf you’re looking at an autobiography, business manual, or any book in the realm of non-fiction, specialist developmental editors will take a goal-oriented approach to develop your plan or book proposal.â€Å"I've worked with authors at the initial idea stage to help them hone the scope of the book and audience," said Claire Ruston, a UK-based development professional. "I'll discuss with the author what they're aiming to a chieve with the book (is it to promote their business, for example) and who they're aiming at.†Unlike fiction, Claire suggests that early stage developmental editing in non-fiction will often involve a lot of structural work.â€Å"Sometimes I may work closely with an author to develop a full table of contents right down to Level 2 headings, giving them a detailed structure to write to. If an author is struggling to map out their book, early-stage developmental work can be incredibly valuable and save a lot of time further down the road.†Okay. Now that you’ve worked with a developmental editor to put all your pieces in place for your book (fiction or non-fiction), all that’s left is to write the damn thing.Still not sure you want to write your book? Keep reading.What if I want to work with a ghostwriter?Ghostwriters are a dime-a-dozen in the world of non-fiction, where authors often come from a non-writing background. The chances are good that you’ve read a ghostwritten book or two without knowing it.â€Å"So many authors find themselves in this position -   having the basis for a great book, but lacking the time to turn it into a fully rounded book,† said Jeremy Blachman, a New York-based author and ghostwriter. "The more business-oriented work I've done tends to start with at least some articles that the client has written (or helped write) that they want to expand into a book.† "So many authors have the basis for a great book, but lack the time to work on it" @jeremyblachman on ghostwriting You can approach a ghostwriter with little more than an idea, then work with him or her to shape the book. If you’ve already worked up a book proposal with a developmental editor, your ghost can use that document as a launch pad.While it’s certainly a ghostwriter’s job to create the content for your book, you will often be deeply involved in the creative process. Almost all collaborations start with a conversation that allows the ghost to determine the author’s â€Å"voice.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Talking to them, hearing how they express ideas, starting to get a sense of how they think,† said Blachman. â€Å"Reading what they've written. Asking what they like to read. Seeing their reactions to different versions of what I create. I've written a few different versions of an opening and asked a client: which one is closest to the tone of the book you're envisioning?†Should I get a ghostwriter for my novel?Bear in mind that the vast majority of ghostwrite rs work in non-fiction. Ghostwritten fiction does exist, but it’s incredibly rare. Writing fiction is supposed to be creatively fulfilling. Hiring a ghost to write your novel is like buying a sports car and then paying someone else to drive it for you: it happens, but it doesn’t make much sense.Do I have to credit my ghostwriter?As for the question of authorship, experienced ghostwriters will have made peace with their anonymity and are broadly comfortable with you taking full credit for the book.â€Å"Speaking from a non-fiction perspective, the book is grounded in the author's ideas and expertise,† said Claire Ruston. â€Å"They may have had help getting the words on the page, but it's wholly and unquestionably the author's book.†If you want to find out more about choosing the right ghostwriter, check out this great post from Reedsy’s Andrew Crofts  - perhaps the world's most successful ghost.Ghostwriting and Developmental Editing: Where the l ines blurAs we’ve discovered recently, many ghostwriters have experience as editors and will sometimes work with non-fiction authors to plan a book and even write a proposal. Authors who go down this route have the option to either write the first draft themselves or hire the same ghostwriter to complete the job.Many editors would warn against this approach, pointing out that editing and writing are different disciplines. While many ghostwriters will provide developmental assistance, not all will have a truly editorial mindset.Don’t give up. Assemble your A-Team.The point we want to stress is this: writing doesn’t have to be a solitary pursuit. Whether you work with an editor to develop your book or hand over the reins to a ghostwriter, there's nothing wrong with collaborating to bring your ideas to life. Publishing a successful book is a team sport, and half the game is knowing who you want on your side. So if you’re not sure how best to approach your fi rst book, ask for help.If you have any questions about your developmental editing and ghostwriting options, drop us a question in the comments below, and we’ll do our best to answer it.

Elevator pitch and technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Elevator pitch and technologies - Essay Example There are no businesses without competitors. Every businessman aims at making profits and expanding his or her business. A lucrative business that attracts or maximizes its profits will attract a lot of competitors (Estill and Long 143). However, not every person will invest in a similar business like his or her competitor. One of the major reasons is that some competitors do not have the required capital to invest in the business. Some competitors are not ready to risk in the business like their competitors. It is not wrong to have an idea that there are no competitors. Developing an idea depends on an individual. Having and implementing an idea are two distinct factors. A unique idea depends on an individual and one is most highly going to lack competitors. However, it is a red flag in venturing into a business that you think has no competitors (Estill and Long 131). Venturing into such business has advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is that a successful monopoly dictates the prices in the market. No business lack competitors and when you venture into the market with a notion that there are no competitions you risk going at a loss because the prices of commodities will vary and you may enjoy the way you expected. The knowledge revolution is more inclined towards communication. The technology that we currently use would not be inexistence without the 18th century revolution. The 18th century revolution provided the foundation of the current revolution. The production of mobile phones and computers demands a lot of technological knowledge, and it has transformed from unskilled labour to skilled-based labour today. The industrial revolution has led to the birth of the current knowledge revolution because the transformation has been systematic over the years. Altering most software programs is one of the key areas software companies us to attract women to the

Organizational Behavior of Cutter Aviation Research Paper

Organizational Behavior of Cutter Aviation - Research Paper Example The research paper "Organizational Behavior of Cutter Aviation" talks about Cutter Aviation, strongest Fixed Base Operator of America that provides aeronautics service to the industry of General Aviation since 1928. It has been a dominant service provider of General Aviation for the United States.Cutter Aviation believes in following the procedures of team building to encourage innovation. It has been providing a training program to all its employees to stimulate innovation. Their aim behind providing these programs is to enhance the skills of its employees, their decision-making ability and communication skills. The training programs have helped the employees to acquire knowledge in achieving their activities. This makes the company develop new innovative products. The organization faces the problem of bureaucracies in developing new strategies. These bureaucracies can be reduced by following two stages: Firstly, identifying the obstacles prevailing in the company and secondly, the company needs to identify the strategies that are required to implement change. Finally, the organization should implement and follow the steps accordingly. However, before implementing any change, the organization should make employees understand the importance of proposing the change. Cutter Aviation has been able to build an environment that is collaboratively supported by all the experts of the organization. The company supports the employees by providing them sufficient resources and training programs.

Working in Orgnistions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Working in Orgnistions - Essay Example Bsing on the interviews tht I conducted previously nd literture tht I hve reserched, I evlute orgniztion nd suggest its design. Mny retil shopping centers hve tried nd filed to perform excellently outside their home mrkets. Likewise, some retilers hve led stry trying to develop Internet shopping. s result, TESCO, the United Kingdom's biggest grocer, hs drwn significint ttention becuse of its mbitious overses strtegy nd its successful on-line home delivery service. nother successful key fctor tht inputs to TESCO sustinble development nd growth is the mrketing communiction pln tht provides the detiled overview of the Compny's fiscl policies s for meeting the clients' needs nd providing competitive prices within wisely locted grocers ll over the world. TESCO understnds tht successful mrketing strtegy should be bsed on customers' need, tht is why the Mission Sttement declred for the Compny sounds s it follows: "One of our vlues is to understnd customers better thn nyone. We go to gret lengths to sk customers wht they think, listen to their views, nd then ct on them. We look both t wht customers sy nd wht they do . This feedbck guides the decisions we tle" (www.TESCO.com) Tesco is the lrgest food retiler in UK, operting round 2,318 stores worldwide. Tesco opertes round 1,878 stores throughout the UK, nd lso opertes stores in the rest of Europe nd si. Tesco.com is wholly-owned subsidiry offering complete online service, including tescodirect.com nd tesco.net. The compny lso offers rnge of both online nd offline personl finnce services. Tesco is hedqurtered in Hertfordshire, UK. For the yer ended October 2005 Tesco PLC chieved revenues tht totlled 33,557 million, n increse of 18.7% ginst the previous yer's revenues tht were 28,280 million. s well s convenience produce, mny stores hve gs sttions. Section 2: Methodology Informtion for this explortory study ws gthered by conducting semistructured interviews with route slespersons hving knowledge of wholesle theft methodology. These individuls were selected on the bsis of their willingness to shre pertinent informtion with the uthors with whom they or their contcts hd estblished trusting, personl contcts. It is virtully impossible to get rndomly-selected strngers to discuss such sensitive informtion. fter the purpose nd scope of this study were fully explined to ll respondents, ech ws ssured of nonymity, nd no ttempt ws mde to gther informtion from the respondents other thn theft methodology. Section 3: Data Data for this study are mainly based on the face-to-face interview coducted recently with Tesco employees. The interviews were open-ended to ensure proper understnding of the often complicted theft methods. There were eight interviewees. Ech hd t lest two yers experience s route slesperson, nd ech greed to prticipte nonymously without compenstion. Each interviewees was given to complete the questionnaire (Appendix B), that covered various questions on organizational structure and design. Questions

Learner Training and Learner Autonomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Learner Training and Learner Autonomy - Essay Example English for Academic Purposes (EAP) is a growing branch of ESP atypical to Higher Education. This can have courses be fundamentally diverse from country to country, especially while English is the medium of instruction for a scientific subject, as it is in large parts of Africa and the Indian subcontinent (Mokhtari, K., & Sheorey, R. 1994). Basically, the goal of pragmatic EAP is to fit students into existing academic and social structures, not to encourage them to question or revise those structures. Feminist pedagogy, on the other hand, assumes a need for greater dialogue across races, classes, and genders to equalize power in society and promote social change (Maher & Tetreault, 1994). When the students' needs consist of "the quick and economical use of the English language to pursue a course of academic study" (Coffey, 1984, p. 3), English for academic purposes (EAP) is offered. The incorporation of writing into the EAP curriculum, however, necessitates collaboration with the instructor in the other discipline, following what Shih (1986) calls the "adjunct model" of many university composition programs for native students. But the development of such programs for ESL students has been slow, and Shih recommends that we learn from existing programs: The potential contributi... What is needed, minimally, is cooperation from subject-area instructors and ESL faculty willingness to step into subject-area classrooms and keep up with class events. For ESL instructors seeking to set up adjunct courses, the experiences of composition adjunct programs already in place for native students are a rich source of information. (p. 640) In the field of EAP (English for Academic Purposes), what might be called the 'traditional' method for instance, in published materials such as the Oxford University Press English Studies Series is to select a number of reading texts, typically simplified, within a particular subject-area, and to affix word-lists, 'comprehension questions' and 'language practice exercises' to them. There are two major criticisms that can be leveled at this approach. First, in looking for passages which are short and autonomous and which will not cause too much alarm or discomfiture to the language-teacher without specialist training in the subject-area. The inclination is to select 'semi-popular' texts (the writer communicating with a wider audience, for instance in scientific journalism) rather than 'academic' texts (the writer communicating with students of the subject, for instance in a textbook; or with his/her peers, for example in a research paper) though it is the latter the student will have to read and not the former. Subsequently, there is the danger that the materials might by stressing small points of linguistic and realistic detail, and by persuading reference to the glossary, be training students in precisely those strategies which has shown to be linked with ineffective language learning. A newer generation of materials for instance, those prepared by the University of Malaya English

GSA Wants You Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

GSA Wants You - Essay Example As per the Small Business Act of 1953, small businesses should get a â€Å"fair percentage† of federal contracts and that small business should be provided with the â€Å"maximum practicable opportunity â€Å"to engage in federal contracting. Further, the above, act established the â€Å"SBA to help small businesses and to make sure that they receive a â€Å"fair percentage† of federal contracts. Further, Congress has established a twenty-three percentage of government-wide goal for awarding of contracts to small businesses. GSA strongly back the participation of small business concerns in the GSA Schedules Program. GSA, in this case, may use notice of service-Disabled Veteran –Owned Small Businesses Set-Aside, and in such cases, an order can be reserved for a single firm to be declared as qualified firm.GSA maintains a separate portal for submission of bids by small business electronically. Every probable GSA contractor must complete a chain of steps and cert ifications before the agency award access to the portal. A small-business owner should enroll for the compulsory GSA â€Å"Pathways to Success† online training course else he may also attend a workshop in person. A small business has to obtain DUNS number and Dun number recognizes the small business by its actual location by employing a uniform 9-digit credential code. The small business has to obtain an electronic digital signature. It is advised that the small business should create an electronic copy of the bid submitted to GSA eOffer portal

Improving quality and health system performance analyzing the Research Paper

Improving quality and health system performance analyzing the protection and affordable care act - Research Paper Example The different dimensions related to increase the effectiveness of health services are defined with the addition of financial disclosure and ethnic/social disparities. This research paper is aimed at providing deep analysis on the efficiency and improved quality delivered by the health care. To serve this purpose, The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, signed by President Obama is has been used. This act has the Public Law (111-148) and was passed by the members of Senate and United States of America House of Representatives in Congress Assembled. In order to build comparison the basic managed care components of improved quality and health system performance are evaluated on the basis of the act in addition to the challenges and positive/negative aspects. The Patient and Affordable Care Act is enacted to ensure the high-class yet reasonably priced health care facilities for all the inhabitants of United States of America. This act requires the active participation of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), especially the Secretary in order to institute a National Quality Strategy for increasing the efficiency of Health Care with the precedence towards guiding this endeavor while including a proper and well defined Strategic Plan which is based upon the guideline to achieve the aims and objectives of the plan (Congress, 2011). The Affordable Care Act will especially deal with the matters of consumers in the private sector health providing insurance companies by giving them new opportunities and coverage facilities for the individual and comparatively small business, expand the horizon of tax credits to middle and lower income Americans so as to provide them affordable health care services. Additionally it will also encourage the coordination, novelty, competence and the improved health care. These amendments are made on the basis of the on hand Legislation, for instance, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 2009

GSA Wants You Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

GSA Wants You - Essay Example As per the Small Business Act of 1953, small businesses should get a â€Å"fair percentage† of federal contracts and that small business should be provided with the â€Å"maximum practicable opportunity â€Å"to engage in federal contracting. Further, the above, act established the â€Å"SBA to help small businesses and to make sure that they receive a â€Å"fair percentage† of federal contracts. Further, Congress has established a twenty-three percentage of government-wide goal for awarding of contracts to small businesses. GSA strongly back the participation of small business concerns in the GSA Schedules Program. GSA, in this case, may use notice of service-Disabled Veteran –Owned Small Businesses Set-Aside, and in such cases, an order can be reserved for a single firm to be declared as qualified firm.GSA maintains a separate portal for submission of bids by small business electronically. Every probable GSA contractor must complete a chain of steps and cert ifications before the agency award access to the portal. A small-business owner should enroll for the compulsory GSA â€Å"Pathways to Success† online training course else he may also attend a workshop in person. A small business has to obtain DUNS number and Dun number recognizes the small business by its actual location by employing a uniform 9-digit credential code. The small business has to obtain an electronic digital signature. It is advised that the small business should create an electronic copy of the bid submitted to GSA eOffer portal

Hybrid Cars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hybrid Cars - Essay Example These hybrid cars can prove to be useful in many different ways which include the environmental factors along with the factors of scarce resources. Hybrid cars have features which help reduce pollution from the environment and are also economically feasible as compared to the conventional cars. With the increase in the prices of fuel as well as the reduction in the amount of natural resources, the popularity of these hybrid cars is increasing every day. As compared to traditional cars there are two main advantages of hybrid cars. One is that it emits less carbon dioxide which makes it an environmental friendly car. The second advantage is that it has higher fuel efficiency that can help people save sufficient amount of money and thus it can be counted as an economic advantage of these cars. In present times when world’s economy is in crucial state, every dollar matters and this has become the most important benefit of these vehicles (Hantula 2009). Some of the other benefits o f these cars are their smart styling, their well equipped interiors and their up to date safety features. In the long run hybrid cars are more of a practical choice to opt for because of low fuel cost and low emissions. Hybrid cars are more competent because of their light weight due to the usage of light weight materials in its structure. Hybrid cars capture, accumulate and recycle the kinetic energy that is produced from the car’s brakes (Congress House 2010). Hybrid cars have the ability to save energy in a very efficient way. They can switch their power on and off according to the usage of the car. If the car is standing in an area full of traffic, the car automatically turns off its power and saves energy. When the accelerator is pressed the engine automatically starts again and thus this saves energy. These cars can be said to be energy efficient considering these factors. These cars also have batteries which have a long life. The tires which are used in these cars have low resistance which reduces energy loss. All this helps this car to accelerate and drive up on higher plains easily. In this way these cars can achieve greater speed which decreases the fuel consumption and also less energy is wasted. There are also certain disadvantages attached to hybrid cars. The major drawback of hybrid vehicles is that they are still quite expensive. This is because of the fact that its production costs are very high due to using uncommon equipment for example dysprosium which is used in the manufacturing of highly developed electric motors and many more. The maintenance of hybrid cars can be very expensive as well. As for now these cars are not that common so it is difficult to find garages which have necessary materials to service them. Hence taking them to the producer can be very expensive. Even though these cars are gradually gaining popularity but there are still factors that make traditional cars more feasible as compared to them. Hence, because of the se reasons hybrid cars cannot fully compete with gasoline powered cars. When the cost of production of these vehicles would be lowered as compared to other cars the production would also rise. Once the supply rises the price would go down and the demand would rise. The exact time of this happening cannot be told but when this happens new mode of researches to

Paper On Meno By Plato Learning Is Recollecting

Paper On Meno By Plato Learning Is Recollecting Meno is one of the Platonic dialogues, where Socrates and his student Meno talks about the recollection of knowledge (knowledge is learned from previous experience). The dialogue between Socrates and Meno starts when Meno asks What is virtue and can it be taught? Meno attempts to define virtue by saying that it is ruling over people justly and moderately. Socrates agrees that justice and moderation are a part of virtue but do not make up virtue as a whole. After trying to define virtue a lot of time, Meno eventually gives up saying that both my mind and my tongue are numb.(80b). Meno asks Socrates, How can you search for something when you dont know at all what the thing is?(80d). In such a situation how do you know even what to look for? Socrates continues by saying that there is also no way to search for something that you already know, since you already have that knowledge. Socrates reply becomes known as the theory of recollection. Knowledge is innate, and learning is recollection of facts once known but forgotten. . Socrates first explains the soul of man is immortal and has been born many times. So, we acquire knowledge before we are born. So, true knowledge lies in the soul and not in the body, because soul is immortal and it exists before a body is formed. This means that the soul (not body) has the ability to recollect information and knowledge from the past. The theory of recollection is the said to be the hidden knowledge from our past life. It can be used to explain logic, intuition, guesses and our ideas. For example, the intuition that something wrong will happen if someone comes or the logic that if x=1 and y=x+2 then y=3. Whenever we take decisions on matters of which we have no previous experience, we rely on our intuition, or our ability to guess. Is there any term that defines this sort of knowledge that we use? We cannot have learned it in our lifetime since we have had no experience of that action before. It is only reasonable to say that we recollect it. To illustrate it more carefully, when you put two books in front of an uneducated man he will still know that there are two books. When you add two more books next to them, he will understand that there are now four books. Furthermore, if you keep four pens to the side of those four books, he will still understand that the number of books and pens are equal. He may not be abl e to express this comprehensively, but he has the knowledge that the number of books has been doubled or the number of books and pens are equal. So can we say that the work of putting the books and pens in front of him makes him recollect that sort of knowledge? To prove his statement, Socrates asks a slave boy some questions about a topic on geometry which he is completely unaware of. Socrates presents this to Meno as strong evidence to prove that learning is a recollection: if the slave wasnt being taught, how did he come to know the relationship between the diagonal of a square and a square double the area? Socrates never gave him any new knowledge but through his line of questioning the slave boy recollected the answer. Therefore, Socrates believes the knowledge must already have been in him, which was recollected by the boy with the help of Socrates questions. But, I do not see how the question and answer with the slave boy supports his statement that Learning is recollecting. The slave boy knows what a square is. He also agrees to Socrates when Socrates says that a square is made up of four right angles and four equal sides. In addition to this we can see that he can perform simple calculations when he answers that 2 times 2 feet is 4. Therefore, we can see that the boy obviously had some previous knowledge on geometry. Socrates has guided slave boy towards the direction of the correct answer. When the slave boy is wrong, Socrates says that he is wrong and thus the slave boy starts all over again until he gets the correct answer. This shows that the slave boy has good intuition, logic or reasoning skills and through the proper questioning of Socrates, the slave boy is able to find out the correct answer. Socrates gives an answer within the question that he asks to the slave boy. His questions are like more of a statement. We can also see that the slave boy gave some wrong answers before giving the correct one. To illustrate it more carefully, if someone asks In which continent does Nepal lie if it is between India and China which are in Asia? Then the answer would obviously be Asia. Here, I was not given the answer straight forwardly but I analyzed the questions and gave the correct answer. Thus, I believe the slave boy has reasoned out the facts by the help of the facts that Socrates provided. Socrates says that he is not instructing but helps recollect by merely questioning the boy. But it seems like Socrates is in a way instructing the boy. In lines 82 c, Socrates asks the area of a square given the sides two feet but he immediately gives an extra hint that 2 times 1 is 1 which is an area if the sides are 2 and 1. So how can we say this is recollecting? Moreover, in 85a there is a line here from corner to corner, cutting the figure into two. And the boy is agreeing to whatever Socrates says because the boy already knows that a diagonal cuts the square from the corners. In 82c3-4, Socrates asks, Doesnt a square have lines through the middle equal? So in these passages, the slave boy has all his answers in Socrates question itself. Thus, the dialogue between the slave boy and Socrates is not a good example to say that the slave boy is recollecting which is based upon the boys prior knowledge. Some may also argue that a person is good at something while another person may be good at something else. Or some people learn some things quickly while others take a long time in learning the same thing. This may go again go back to the idea of recollection, where we can say if a person learn some thing quickly then, he/ she must have learnt it in his/ her past life. Thus, Socrates says that knowledge resides in our soul. So, there must be a time where the soul knew nothing and had to learn it at a point. How did the first men (soul + body) in the universe recollect the knowledge from the past? At that time, I believe the soul has not learned anything yet, but how did it recollect the unknown thing? To sum up, if a man doesnt learn new things but merely remembers knowledge from a previous life, then where did he get the knowledge in the previous life or the previous life before that? I believe that there are no explanations better than the theory of recollection when it comes regarding our ability to guess or use our logic or prior knowledge or intuition in the daily life. In conclusion, I would like to say that despite the attempts of Socrates to show that learning is recollection, I do not totally agree to his view or his supporting ideas. His logic and his explanations were not clear enough. To put it in a nutshell, there might be some things that can be recollected but I do not think that: knowledge is entirely recollection.

The Debate on Whether Assisted Suicide is Ethical or Immoral Essay

The Debate on Whether Assisted Suicide is Ethical or Immoral Assisted Suicide, also known as mercy killing, occurs when a physician provides the means (drugs or other agents) by which a person can take his or her own life. This assistance is one of the most debated issues today in society followed by abortion. Physicians are frequently faced with the question of whether or not assisted suicide is ethical or immoral. Although assisted suicide is currently illegal in almost all states in America, it is still often committed. Is assisted suicide ethical? Studies have found that the majority of Americans support assisted suicide. One must weigh both sides of the argument before they can decide. On July 26, 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld decisions in New York and Washington State that criminalized assisted suicide. These decisions overturned rulings in the 2nd and 9th Circuit Courts of Appeal, which struck down state statutes banning physician-assisted suicide. Those courts had found that the statutes, which prohibited doctors from prescribing lethal medication to competent, terminally ill adults, violated the 14th Amendment. In striking the appellate decisions, the U.S. Supreme Court found that there was no constitutional "right to die," but left it to individual states to enact legislation permitting or prohibiting physician-assisted suicide. As of April 1999, physician-assisted suicide is illegal in the majority of states. Over thirty states have enacted statutes prohibiting assisted suicide, and of those that do not have statutes, a number of them arguably prohibit it through common law. Currently, Oregon is the only state that has legalized assisted suicide. The Oregon statute, which came into e... ... a crime with the risk of the loss of license or even imprisonment. The only sure way that people will stop suffering and be allowed to die peacefully because of their own decision is if assisted suicide becomes legal in the United States. Bibliography: The New England Journal of Medicine -- February 1, 1996 -- Vol. 334, No. 5 Attitudes of Michigan Physicians and the Public toward Legalizing Physician-Assisted Suicide and Voluntary Euthanasia By Jerald G. Bachman, Kirsten H. Alcser, David J. Doukas, Richard L. Lichtenstein, Amy D. Corning, Howard Brody Annals of Internal Medicine--21 March 2000 Volume 132 Number 6 Palliative Treatments of Last Resort: Choosing the Least Harmful Alternative Timothy E. Quill, MD; Barbara Coombs Lee, FNP, JD; Sally Nunn, RN, for the University of Pennsylvania Center for Bioethics Assisted Suicide Consensus Panel

Television and Media - The Power of Advertising :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Power of Advertising Advertising has an influence on everyone in one way or another, but it especially has had an influence on my children. Catchy jingles, cute slogans, and cartoon characters are all key factors that have hooked my children on certain products. Advertising influences the toys they want, the clothes they wear, and the food they eat. Advertising influences my children's choice of toys. If a television commercial displays children laughing and playing, my children think it must be a great toy, regardless of the type. For example, my three-year-old desperately wants a skateboard for Christmas. Every time he sees a skateboard commercial, he gets excited. He believes that if he had a skateboard, he would instantly have the same fun and skill as the boys on television. He also wants a fingernail kit. He does not know what a fingernail kit is, but he likes the glitter and stickers the commercial shows. The more appealing the commercial is, the more he wants the toy. Another influence advertising has had is on the clothes my children want to wear. Clothes from Wal-Mart and K-Mart are no longer satisfactory. Brand names such as GAP, Tommy Hilfiger, and American Eagle are much more appealing to them. My teenage daughter is constantly looking through catalogs and magazines, examining each outfit down to the last detail. She is continuously wanting to change her wardrobe to keep up with the latest fashion trends and most popular brand names. Of course, clothes endorsed by celebrities are always at the top of her shopping list. Last, advertising influences the food my children want to eat. Cartoon characters are placed on boxes of foods such as crackers and cereal to influence young children. For instance, I was grocery shopping with my young son the other day, and he asked me if I would buy him some yogurt to have for breakfast. I reached for the cheapest brand off the shelf and was about to put it in the cart when he said, "I want the Rugrats' yogurt." I had no idea what he was talking about until he pointed to the shelf behind me. There I saw a six-pack container of yogurt with pictures of Rugrats characters on the label.