Project Management and Page - 14438 Words

Multiple Choice Questions CH. 5 49. Which of the following describes e-commerce? A) Buying products from each other B) Buying services from each other C) Selling services from each other D) All of the above Answer: D Page: 238 Difficulty: Medium 50. Which of the following is part of the four main segments for e-commerce? A) B2B B) B2C C) C2B D) All of the above Answer: D Page: 238 Difficulty: Easy 51. Which segment do eBay, Amazon.com, and LandsEnd.com belong? A) B2Bs B) B2Cs C) C2Bs D) C2Cs Answer: B Difficulty: Medium 52. Which†¦show more content†¦A) Affiliate programs B) Click-throughs C) Spam D) All of the above Answer: B Page: 253 Difficulty: Easy 66. What is the percentage of customers who visit a Web site and actually buy something called? A) Affiliate programs B) Click-throughs C) Spam D) Conversion rate Answer: D Page: 253 Difficulty: Easy 67. What are materials used in production in a manufacturing company or are placed on the shelf for sale in a retail environment? A) Direct materials B) Indirect materials C) EDI D) None of the above Answer: A Page: 249 Difficulty: Easy 68. What are materials that are necessary for running a modern corporation, but do not relate to the company s primary business activities? A) Direct materials B) Indirect materials C) EDI D) None of the above Answer: B Page: 249 Difficulty: Easy 69. What are ballpoint pens purchased by a clothing company? A) Direct materials B) Indirect materials C) EDI D) None of the above Answer: B Page: 249 Difficulty: Medium 70. What is another name for MRO materials? A) Direct materials B) IndirectShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Project Management : An Executive Summary Covering One Page Or Less1399 Words   |  6 PagesAn executive summary covering one page or less; Zulema what is the purpose of this paper? summary of paper... History of Project Management Rahul What is Project Management? Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements. Project management processes fall into five groups: Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling and Closing. Meanwhile, Project management knowledge draws on Integration, CostRead MoreMmis 621 Assignment 4 Information Systems Project Management Plan Erp System Implementation Mmis 621: Information Systems Project Management1189 Words   |  5 PagesInformation Systems Project Management Plan ERP system implementation MMIS 621: Information Systems Project Management Fall 2015 Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/mmis-621-assignment-4-information-systems-project-management-plan-erp-system-implementation/ Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to give you an opportunity to apply and demonstrate your understanding of the tools and principles covered in the class to a project of your choice. Section 1: Project Definition (5-6Read MoreAnalysis : Mind Maps And Work Flow Diagrams985 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough the Work Processes and consist of sequential blocks of activities and milestones linked in a logical format. This provides a quick and easy reference. 2.4 Level 3- Single Page Description: Each element or deliverable listed in the Project Implementation Model Mind Maps is further defined on Single Pages. Single Pages include the following: †¢ Defines the element and the reason (objective) for developing the element †¢ Lists key assumptions †¢ Specifies the action to be taken to develop the elementRead MoreA Research Project On The Computer Engineering Field854 Words   |  4 PagesLarry Page Larry Page is one of Google, Inc. s founders. He graduated from the University of Michigan with a Bachelor s Degree of Science in engineering. Soon after graduating, Page decided to focus on the computer engineering field. He began working on his PhD in computer science at Stanford University in Stanford, California. It was during his time at Stanford University that he met his future business partner and Google co-founder, Sergey Brin. Sergey Brin Sergey Brin is one of Google, IncRead MoreNne Fast Track Projects874 Words   |  4 PagesSummary Novo Nordisk Engineering (NNE) went through a fundamental re-thinking of its business through the development of fast track projects in the pharmaceutical industry. The company succeeded in reducing the time needed to deliver a pharmaceutical factory from over three years down to 11 months winning the 2005 pharmaceutical Facility of the Year award. Fast-track projects meant a lot of pressure on the client, and some were just not ready to play. The client had to adapt to changes which many linkedRead MoreINF 410 Project Management1181 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿CLICK TO DOWNLOAD INF 410 Project Management Week 1 Discussion Question: Project Life Cycle. The four main elements of the project life cycle are defining, planning, executing and closing. Give an example of a task you performed on a project, either as a leader or team member, and identify what stage of the life cycle it was in and why. Describe if you felt the task was strategically important to the project and also the company. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings. DiscussionRead MoreThe Project Management Process Groups927 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 3: The Project Management Process Groups: A Case Study Learning Objectives o Describe the five project management (PM) process groups, the typical level of activity for each, and the interactions among them. o Understand how the project management process groups relate to the project management knowledge areas. o Discuss how organizations develop IT project management methodologies to meet their needs. Learning Objectives (Cont.) o Review a case study of an organization applyingRead MoreKnown980 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity School of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Spring 2012 IENG300 – Engineering Project Management Assignment 4 Solution Instructor: Dr. Bassam Hussein Due Date: Week 11 Exercise 10.2: Codes of ethics are pretty instrumental in providing guidance to the members of particular professional society. PMI is one of those societies and its members are professional project managers. Codes of ethics play the following roles in general: o o o o o o o o Serve Read MorePoor Management Outline Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesPage 1 This capstone project will attempt to demonstrate how toxic managers and poor managerial decisions in general have lead to a very bad working environment. Through research over the Internet as well as the polling that has recently taken place in my workplace I will provide a foundation for my capstone project. This project involves a great deal of importance to both my personal and professional lives. The rationale behind my choice of this as my capstone project topic can be quite simplyRead MoreWebsite Development for the Australian Education Consultancy Global1676 Words   |  7 PagesContents S. No Title Page No 1. Project Overview 3 2. Roles and Responsibilities 6 3. Purpose of the Project 7 4. Limitations of the Project 8 5. Work Breakdown Structure 9 6. Stakeholder Analysis 11 7. Conclusion 12 8. References 13 1. Project Overview This document is the stage one project proposal of website development for Australian Education Consultancy (AEC) global. This document describes the following kind of activities a. Objectives b. Project description c. Scope

Philippine vs. Anglo-Saxons Short Stories - 1239 Words

Ma. Gretchiela G. Gabral R71 Ma. Gretchiela G. Gabral R71 Comparative Analysis of Philippine and Anglo-Saxon Short Stories It could not be denied that the early Philippine short stories in English were influenced by the Anglo-Saxon. The Philippine short stories had evolved from the earlier literature of fables and folk tales and adapted the elements of the short stories of the Anglo-Saxon. The Philippine and Anglo-Saxon short stories were alike in many ways. I found â€Å"Dead Stars†, the first Philippine short story in English as equally interesting as â€Å"The Storm† although the pace of the story differed in each. Both stories were able to present thematic ideas with the use of the setting â€Å"storm† and the symbolism â€Å"dead stars†. While†¦show more content†¦In the â€Å"Wedding Dance†, it would be helpful to research what tribes still practiced to contemporary times the rituals or traditions featured in the short stories. In the short story â€Å"Bread of Salt†, it would be help ful to dwell on the connection of the pandesal to the character and the events in the short story and also research on why it was called the bread of salt. The character’s buying of the padensal with his own money encompassed the idea of the guy’s desire to alleviate himself from the low-class society someday. The Philippine short stories had a balanced proportion of emotions while Anglo-Saxon short stories emphasized a dominant feeling or emotion. â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† with its use of single effect was gothic in style in its seemingly arranged procedures of committing a murder. †The Storm† showcased characters in ecstasy of sexual gratification. In â€Å"What We Talk When We Talk About Love†, there was the feeling of disgust in Mel and Terri’s distorted view of love. While obviously in â€Å"Misery†, the feeling of grief and helplessness was eminent. On the other hand, Philippine short stories like â€Å"May Day Eve†, à ¢â‚¬Å"Magnificent† and â€Å"Wedding Dance† had varying emotions. It would take a while before you finally make a judgment or reaction to the short story. In the Anglo-Saxon short stories, there is just a need to connect the events and recognize the obvious. While in Philippine short stories, critical thinking as well as linking ofShow MoreRelatedModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 Pagesfrom Arkansas) turned into agricultural migrants, traveling from farm to farm picking crops at starvation wages. Most headed west, to California, especially, where they were often not welcomed / discriminated against, etc Competiton for jobs / old vs young Because of the oversupply of workers looking for work, any jobs that did go, went to younger workers. â€Å"Gradually those over forty, though physically fit, began to feel old and look and act poor†. (McIlvaine) Women Agony of being unable toRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesby Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. 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Network Project Management Health Service Program

Question: Discuss about theNetwork Project Management forHealth Service Program. Answer: Introduction This paper provides an analysis of a communication plan adopted by the county health department for its integrated data management system project. The department has for long time been using different data systems for each community health service program. However, the department has now appreciated the importance of having one synchronized data management system for all the community programs that will improve efficiency of the department, in terms of serving the community and responding to any disease breakout that may occur in the community. The communication plan adopted in this project is fairly realistic with an exception of some parts which needs modification. On the part of government agencies it is important that the project manager provide detailed information to them even without being requested because the government is the sole caretaker of the public interest. Therefore it as matter of duty rather than opinion on the part of the project manager to provide the data regarding progress made on the project to all relevant government agencies. There is need to have realistic mode of communication especially when dealing with large group of people. For Example the plan lists calling as part of the method of communicating to employees. This would be challenging, to make calls to all the employees one by one is time consuming and it is not realistic. The plan is effective in listing all stakeholders who needs to be updated on the progress of the program. For example the union may seem a not so important stakeholder bu t it is given the role they play between the management of the health sector and the employees. The plan has incorporated all the major stakeholders from the client, (county health department), senior management, sponsors through to employees, on regular and continuous mode of communication which largely contributes to smooth running of the project. This also promotes the support the project requires especially from the senior management of the county health department. (Hawkins and Haggerty, 2003) Comparing this communication plan and project management practices, we find a number of similarities and differences. On similarities, project management practices have a plan for continuous provision of information to all major stakeholders like the sponsors of the project and the client. This is also the case on this projects communication plan, as it lists the major shareholders for continuous provision of information and minor stakeholders who receives progress reports on inquiry such as the community. On practice, it is time consuming to provide continuous progress report to all stakeholders of the project regardless of being a major or a minor stakeholder, and project managers prefer to segregate stakeholders accordingly to save on time. Most of the public project management communication plans list the government as one of the major stakeholder even if it is not the sponsor of the project. This is due to the fact that the government is the custodian of public interest and must therefore feature prominently on all public projects. This plan however does not have the government on the part of those stakeholders who should be updated with regular and continuous progress report, a departure from the project management practices. The plan also is different to the project management practices as most of the projects have suppliers. Recommended Project Communication Plan CNo. Who; identify who needs to be informed, government, contractors, the public. What; Identify what information to be provided. When; Identify when will the information be provided? How often; How will the information be delivered? Identify who is responsible to providing the information Government agencies Progress on the development of County integrated data management system When a major milestone is reached If no major milestone achieved, progress report should be provide every two weeks Written submissions The project manager Contractor Progress on the development of County integrated data management system Whenever a major milestone is achieved On daily basis On email The project manager The public Progress on the development of County integrated data management system After every one month Public forums Assistant project manager Unions That the project being commenced will not affect job opportunities for it members e.g. retrenchment. Once at the beginning of the project _ Written submission Project manager Senior management Progress on the development of County integrated data management system Whenever a major milestone is achieved If no major milestone achieved, progress report should be provided weekly email Project manger Project team members Progress on the development of County integrated data management system Daily basis Daily basis email Project manager Justification I propose that on top of listing all the stakeholders that need to be updated on the progress of the project as well as what information to be provided and how will it be provide, it is important that the communication plan indicates who is going to provide the information and to who. This will provide clear roles and mandate on the project communication plan. It also helps incase such information are not provided then it clear who should be asked to provide the information. (Campbell, 2009) It also important that whenever a milestone is achieved in the project, major stakeholders such as contractor and the client be informed promptly so that in case they have any issues regarding the milestone then the issue can be addressed early enough before the project progresses further and to a point where effecting the would-be changes becomes challenging and requires major redesigning to be made. (Campbell, 2009) Conclusion In conclusion, given that the government is the public sole trustee, It is important that the communication plan fro the county health departments integrate data management system, lists the government has a major stakeholder that needs progress update on continuous and regular basis. It is also important that the communication indicates who is responsible for communicating what information to who as this promotes efficient communication throughout the project development. References Campbell, G. (2009). Communications skills for project managers. New York: AMACOM. Fossel, M. and Dorfman, S. (n.d.). Electronic health records. Gregg Fahrenholz, C. and Russo, R. (n.d.). Documentation for health records. Hawkins, J. and Haggerty, L. (2003). Diversity in health care research. New York: Springer Pub. Jones, R. (2007). Project management survival. London: Kogan Page.

The theme of fate in Romeo and Juliet Essays -

The theme of fate in Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet - Fate From the outset of the play the chorus calls Romeo and Juliet "star-crossed lovers" and the frequent foreshadowing of fate creates the sense that destiny shall claim superiority. All events surrounding the lovers such as: the feud between the two families, the horrible series of accidents that ruin Friar's well-intentioned plans, the tragic timing of Romeo's suicide and Juliet's awakening all work in the hands of fate. These events also contribute to the outcome of the young lovers death. Even though Romeo and Juliet were helpless victims of fate, they were also agents of fate. This is evident after Romeo kills Tybalt he reacts by saying: "O I am fortunes fool" yet it is due to Romeo's impetuous nature that led to this calamity. Again, Romeo exhibits this weakness before going to the Capulet feast he says: "Some consequence yet hanging in the stars, Shall bitterly begin this fearful date...by some vile forfeit of untimely death..." We see Juliet's acceptance to the fact that the heavens are against Romeo and Juliet's relationship when Capulet forces her to marry Paris, she says: "Is there no piety sitting in the clouds that sees into the bottom of my grief?" This is also evident when the nurse betrays Juliet, she cries: "Alack...heaven practice stratagems upon so soft a subject as myself." The generation gap between Romeo and Juliet and their parents is one of the chief functions leading to the tragedy. This is observed when Juliet refuses to marry Paris, Capulet insults her by calling her "green sickness carrion!" Romeo and Juliet could not confide in their parents about their love. We see this in the opening of the play, Montague finds it difficult to understand Romeo and he tells Benvolio: "both by myself and many other friends. His own affections counsel are to himself." The powerful nature of Romeo and Juliet's love is also a prime factor that leads to the tragedy. This is evident at the feast when Tybalt sees Romeo, he is determined to kill him as Romeo sees Juliet and instantly falls in love with her. From this point in the play love and violence parallel each other. Romeo and Juliet's love is of an intense passion that love supersedes all other values. Romeo and Juliet are driven to defy their families by this overpowering force. We are reminded of Juliet's words: "deny thy father and refuse thy name / And I'll no longer be a Capulet." even Friar Lawrence warns Romeo against his immoderate love: "these violent delights have violent ends. Love moderately." Romeo and Juliet's extreme and boundless love was of such a great nature that it could only be preserved by death. Hastiness is also the main contributor to this tragedy. From the first moment that Romeo and Juliet meet they act hastily, they do not take the time to get to know one another but rush into their relationship. They are too hasty to get married, they did not think about what could go wrong. Juliet realizes this when Romeo declares his love to her, she says: "It is too rash, too unadvised, too like lightening." Friar Lawrence is guilty of hastiness even though he resembles forces of reason and moderation when he marries Romeo and Juliet. When Friar is running to the Capulet tomb, he does not heed his own advice: "wisely and slow, they stumble that run fast." Fear is also responsible for this tragedy. This is illustrated when Friar Lawrence leaves the tomb giving Juliet the opportunity to kill herself. The nurse also betrays Juliet because she is afraid of being implicated in the marriage between Romeo and Juliet. The lack of communication between Romeo and Juliet and their parents is the reason that they cannot confide in their parents and thus turn to Friar Lawrence. Romeo and Juliet's relationship had to be a secret; they had to resort to subterfuge in order to meet due to their family feud. When Romeo is banished from Verona, this creates greater problems of communication between the lovers. It was due to the letter that remained undelivered that Romeo believes that Juliet is dead.

4 Steps to Boost Your Workplace Productivity

4 Steps to Boost Your Workplace Productivity Whether you’ve fallen out of love with your job or are so overwhelmed you’ve been falling behind, it’s never too late to pick up the pace and catch up. Check out these tips from Gerald Buck over at Careerealism! Take a BreakIt may seem counterintuitive, but leaving your desk and walking around the block, getting a drink, or stretching your legs in the hallway for five minutes can get your  blood and oxygen flowing and restore your energy levels. Come back to your desk ready to dive in and take care of business!Outline Your PrioritiesFirst thing in the morning, or even before you go home at the end of the day, make a list of the most important to-dos in the order you need to tackle them. Make sure you include a small task to get the ball rolling, and put the biggest item early on so the day doesn’t get away from you. You can update and rearrange as you go, but having a list to follow helps you stay focused and accountable.  Consider the Long TermIf your workplace doesn’t have an annual goal-setting process in place already, take the initiative to identify two big things you want to accomplish over the course of the next year. Post them somewhere you’ll see every day- on your monitor or inside your top desk drawer- and work towards them every day. Taking the long view helps to liberate you from the feeling of being trapped in the stress of day-to-day tasks. Don’t forget to mention these goals  in your next performance review!  Get to Work EarlyLeaving your  home half an hour earlier can make a huge difference in your  day when you’re  really struggling to stay motivated- you can usually either finish a small task or get a good start on a bigger one before the office fills up with chatter and distractions. Having that boost of early morning momentum can positively affect your  whole day. Plus, you can leave right on time without feeling like you didn’t give that day your best work!Donâ €™t try to implement these all at once- take it one day at a time, or even one hour at a time if you need to, and see if your shifting attitude increases your  productivity and happiness.

Pinterest Tips for Freelance Writers

Pinterest Tips for Freelance Writers Like many people, I used to see the social-networking site Pinterest as merely a place to show pictures of pretty clothes and yummy food. Yet the more I learned about the marketing possibilities of Pinterest, the more I realize that I (and you) can use Pinterest to boost freelancing income. First, understand the demographics. Youll reach lots of women. In fact, 80 percent of Pinterest users are women, according to Digital Marketing Ramblings. That means that if you write stuff popular with women, such as romance novels and health articles, you stand first in line. Then, use the boards to show facets of your career and life. For example, even though I have a board for my freelancing, I also pin pictures of food, fashion, cute male celebrities. If you head to my Pinterest account, youll see that I adore the actor Justin Theroux. I also like cupcakes. Pinterest Analytics, like Google Analytics, generates comprehensive statistics on a specific websites traffic, helping marketers in their campaigns. It collects data on the percentage of change within a specific time, determining whether a product becomes more or less popular, and it guides marketing agencies towards changing strategies to gain more popularity. Oftentimes, marketing agencies change the visual content of their pins to appeal to the Pinterest community. While only certain companies such as Salesforce and Hootsuite are given access to Pinterest Analytics data, you can use a rough version of analytics to figure out the popularity of your content. So if you start a board showing pins of your published writing, create pins that show writing that appeal to the mostly-female community. Youll become more popular pinning about a traditional recipe for chocolate-chip cookies than pinning about sports or other stuff that appeals mostly to men. Like Facebook and Twitter, Pinterest uses â€Å"following† and messaging to connect users to each other. In 2014, Pinterest introduced instant messaging, a faster way to share content. When one of your followers repins or like your pin, contact them directly. Your follower will appreciate your personal response and will potentially make your boards more popular among her own followers. Youll also find boards of fellow freelance writers. For example, I went to Google and typed in â€Å"Pinterest freelance writing boards.† One of the many results was a board for breaking into regional parenting magazines. I studied the content of this board and gained potential markets for my parenting articles. I also found boards on freelance writing tips, resources. To attract more traffic to your Pinterest platform, start a board full of your own tips. Repin and like the freelancing pins that you especially connect to. In 2015, Pinterest celebrates its fifth anniversary. Its grown from a home business with 5,000 users to a valuable resource for companies such as The Gap and political wives such as Ann Romney and Michelle Obama. Use some tactics from content strategists to take your freelancing to another level. Enclosed are several resources for freelance writers who also use Pinterest: Time names Pinterest.com one of the best websites of 2011 time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2087815_2088159_2088155,00.html Pinterest more popular than LinkedIn, YouTube, and Google+ http://mashable.com/2012/02/01/pinterest-traffic-study/ Pinterest drums up more business that Facebook washingtonpost.com/business/technology/pinterest-vs-facebook-whose-users-spend-more/2012/05/09/gIQATXkoCU_story.html 140 Amazing Pinterest Stats http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/pinterest-stats/#.U5E-wpRdWzd The official website pinterest.com/

New nursing orientation and retention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New nursing orientation and retention - Essay Example Presently, the orientation program in place seems to be achieving very little for graduate nurses. The program seems highly cumbersome and manual. This means that each nurse has so much at hand to deal with. This makes it very difficult for the new nurses to master anything. This is because they are forced to learn a little of many things at a time. There is the need for a new orientation model that is more competent and safe towards the nursing needs of graduate nurses; especially for emergency situations. The major objective of this new model should be able to play a role of helping nurses transit from recent graduates to professional nursing practitioners. It is suggested that the following topics be treated under the orientation for nurses under the Emergency Department: Due to the intensity of the orientation model, it is suggested that the timeline for the delivery of the whole program be nine (9) months instead of the usual six (6) months usually practiced in most nursing institutions. Below are excerpts of what the new model should be made up of. Stage 1: Three (3) months of structured orientation where by graduate nurses will be prepared exclusively under the care of a trained preceptor. Three months is suggested for this stage because of the fact that nurses are being prepared for emergency situations. This period will give the graduates a lot of mentorship to ensure that once they are detached, they can do a lot for themselves with the least aid. Stage 2: One (1) month of classroom based tuition and lecturing. It is highly recommended that as much as trained nursing tutors would come in to give lectures, a lot of the time be devoted for peer nurse learning. This is recommended because it would give the graduates a lot of time to freely express themselves and share ideas from their individual institutions that may be necessary for onward practice. Stage 3: This is the final stage and should be made up of five (5) months of individualized

Constructivist theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Constructivist theories - Essay Example His main focus has been on the cognitive organization of the knowledge which includes the effect of physical or mental perceptions on individual’s actions. Piagetian theory discusses both the behavioral and cognitive factors that are involved in the child’s development. It states that â€Å"reality is constructed by each individual† (Mohrhoff, 2008, p.17). Ernst von Glasersfeld gave an extension to the constructivism of Jean Piaget and developed the radical constructivism (RC). It focuses on that perception comes through a cognitive self-referential process and is stored in some particular sensory areas in the brain. These perceptions link the experiences with the outside world. The thinking process activates by the experiences that a person goes through, resulting in the formation of knowledge. Thus, events are perceived according to the individual’s interpretation of those events. Hence, RC basically emphasizes upon the fact that â€Å"knowledge is cons tructed from experiences† (Yolles, 2006, p.82-83) rather than by way of senses. Hence, we see that both the theories emphasize upon the fact that â€Å"knowledge is not bestowed upon a passive observer but is constructed by the individual† (Stricker, 1982). This cognitive aspect or the knowledge derived from it is adaptive and makes the individual organize his experiential world (Mohrhoff, 2008, p.18).

Creativity, Critical Thinking and Change Essay Example for Free

Creativity, Critical Thinking and Change Essay 1.1. Throughout this century, a famous painting entitled The Man with the Golden Helmet was believed to be the work of the Dutch master Rembrandt. Some years ago it was proved to have been painted by someone else. Some people would say that the truth about this painting changed. Do you agree? Explain. The book tells us that truth is the accurate representation of objective reality, and that our assumptions, and wishes do not affect the reality of the facts. With that being said; I would say yes the truth about the painting changed. Since there is hard evidence that proves it was not the work of Rembrandt then, the truth has changed. 1.2. Examine each of the following cases in light of what you’ve learned about truth in this chapter. State your view and explain why you hold it. a. Ira is a journalist. Will the belief that he can create his own truth make him more or less likely to value accuracy in his reporting? If Will believes he can make his own truth it will make him less likely to value accuracy in his reporting. The news is one thing and opinions are another. By creating his own truth he is interjecting his opinions, and ignoring the facts of the news. b. Bruce is prejudiced against minorities and women. Which of the following beliefs would be more helpful in overcoming his prejudice; the belief that truth is subjective and created; or the belief that truth is objective and discovered? Explain your reasoning. I would say that belief that truth is objective and discovered would help Bruce in overcoming his prejudice in minorities and women. This way of thinking about truth relies on facts, and historical truth; where Bruce could look back at history and find instances where women and minorities have excelled. If Bruce continues to believe that he can create his own truth, it is likely he will continue to not look at the facts and continue to judge people based on race and gender. c. Most students can use additional motivation to learn. Will the belief that they can create their own truth help or hinder their motivation? Explain. The book tells us that this belief can stifle success because it leads one to believe that just the belief – not talent or hard work will guarantee success. This will hinder motivation because belief in oneself is just part of the equation for success. If they believe that truth is discovered this will help motivate them to study hard and be successful. 1.3. Classify each of the following exchanges as (a) an actual contradiction or (b) a near contradiction. Briefly explain each choice. MAVIS: Big time college sports are corrupt. Near contradiction. The statement can be both true and false in the same way at the same time. Not all big time college sports or corrupt, but some are. CORA: You’re absolutely wrong, Mavis. Â  Actual contradiction. The statement cannot be true and false in the same way at the same time. Mavis is wrong or right. KAREN: There are very few real heroes today. Â  Near contradiction. This is an opinion so it can both be true and false in the same way at the same time. HANNA: I think there are more today than there have ever been. Actual contradiction. This statement cannot be true and false in the same way at the same time. BRAD: Look at that new Lincoln across the street. Actual contradiction. This statement cannot be true and false in the same way at the same time. CLARA: That isn’t a Lincoln – it’s a Mercury. Â  Actual contradiction. This statement cannot be true and false in the same way at the same time.

Film Analysis of Bowling for Columbine by Michael Moore Essay -- Micha

Film Analysis of Bowling for Columbine by Michael Moore 'Bowling for Columbine', directed by Michael Moore, deals with the problems of gun crime in America. The main purpose of this film is to persuade American people to change their ideas about guns and gun laws. Moore constantly refers to other countries such as Canada and their gun policies to back up his arguments for increased gun regulation. He is successfully able to counter argue any reason given by pro gun supporters as to the reason why America has the highest gun related crimes and death, even though other countries have similar attitudes towards violence. The scenes that have been selected focus on different aspects of the film, which present Moore's ability to persuade his audience into his way of viewing gun crime. Michael Moore has used a variety of techniques in the ?A wonderful World? scene to influence the audience into siding with his views and to portray America as a destructive force to other countries. The sequencing of the scene ?A Wonderful World? is very effective. The scene before the clip is very ironic as it shows the Lockheed Martin, which is the largest weapons producer in America. The Lockheed Martin spokesman is standing in front of A missile and is talking about America as a protector of the world. Yet, immediately after this, the man claims that America is not an aggressor, the film is launched into the scenes which entirely contradict his claims. This is a successful use of persuasive technique as the audience will now trust what Moore has to say rather tha... ... either that the NRA and the Klan were parallel groups or that when the Klan was outlawed its members formed the NRA. Both are completely wrong however this is effective as it illustrates that since the KKK was evil, that the NRA is also evil as it is made up of the same members or that both groups have the same belief. Moore is able to use a number of persuasive techniques in the three scenes from Bowling for Columbine to express his views on gun laws. The moods of these three scenes vary considerably, from humour, to serious to sarcasm and irony. By appealing to different types of emotions, the audience is able to connect with Moore effectively. As well as this, by feeling humorous or sad when Moore intends the audience to be, the viewers immediately, whether intentionally or unintentionally side with Moore?s view.

Herzberg Theory Essay

Herzberg’s Two Factor theory (Motivator-Hygiene) suggested that the factors involved in producing job satisfaction and motivation are separate and distinct from the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction. (Herzberg, 1987) In 1959, Frederick Herzberg found that people had two essential needs in life. 1. The human’s need as an animal to avoid pain 2. The human’s need to grow psychologically And from the two founding, Herzberg has come up with a two factor theory or is also known as Motivator-Hygiene theory that has been a stepping stone for motivation in the workplace. Motivator-Hygiene Theory Herzberg interviewed 203 engineers and accountants. A survey has been done to identify how they feel about their jobs. They were asked to remember back the time when they felt really good at their job and the feelings that associated during that time. And later, they were also asked to recall a time when they felt really bad towards the job and the feelings that associated with it. These results led to two categories Job Satisfiers Job Dissatisfiers. * Motivator Factors (Job Satisfiers) Factors that create positive feelings. These included things such as achievement, responsibility, growth in workplace and recognition. * Hygiene Factors (Job Dissatisfiers)  Factors that are related to work context and environment. These includes company policy, administration, job security, salary and work conditions. The theory states that if the motivator factors are present in conjunction with hygiene factors then the job will be satisfying. If the hygiene factors are the only present factors, then the job will be in a neutral state. Employees are not dissatisfied and they have average performance. If the hygiene factors are not present then the job becomes dissatisfying, with or without motivators. Even though hygiene factors do not lead to extra work they are needed as building blocks to start productivity. Therefore, in order move beyond this level, the motivator factors are needed. Herzberg, F.I. (1987), â€Å"One more time: How do you motivate employees?† Harvard Business Review, Vol.65 (5), pp.109 – 120 Herzberg, F., Maunser, B. and  Snyderman, B. (1959), The Motivation to Work, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, NY

How to Write a Reflective Essay Essay

This type of essay is aimed to reflect a personal event or experience of the essay author. The main condition is that it has to be a certain personal experience on which the author has his very own perception. This experience or even is revealed in the essay in order to demonstrate its importance for understanding social relations and the essence of people. It may be said that a reflective essay possess the traits of a philosophical analysis of different experiences we face in our everyday life. This type of essay reveals the creativity of the students and their ability to change standard perception to a unique one, to their own unique perception of social issues. Writing a Reflective essay In order to produce an excellent reflective essay it is vital to remember that the reflective is to have a personal character and to relate to certain philosophic categories. This implies a wide range of possible understanding of the topic of the essay. One of the widespread topics for a reflective essay is â€Å"What is love?† in which the author shares his own reflective of this term through the prism of his experience and the common attitude to this social phenomenon. The majority of the questions in such essays are rhetoric Reflective essay structure Reflective essay do not have a certain structure because cannot be written according to a standard essay scheme. This is due to the fact that the thesis statements and the conclusions of reflective essays are often blurry. Here is a probable scheme of a reflective essay: * The aim of the opening paragraph is to get the reader involved in the author’s story including interesting details, personal experiences. The style must be very vivid and therefore to appeal to the reader as if it was a tete-a-tete conversation on the meaning of life or love. * The middle part reveals a good variety of the author’s ideas on the topic. * The concluding sentences summarize the main ideas and experiences of the essay. The author makes a reflective of his general perception of the given topic. Reflective essays topics and ideas. Reflective essays can be written on many different topics which base on the reflection of a personal event or experience of the essay author. Delicate approach to the choice of a topic or keen understanding of the one topic is the key element of good essay writing. If you hesitate either on choosing the essay topic or the idea for Reflective essay please feel free to contact us and we gladly help you any time you need assistance. What is a reflective essay? Think of the word â€Å"reflection†. It means to look back upon a situation and present your findings. It is all about your perspective, post-experience. Whether you are writing a reflective essay about an event in your life, or you are reflecting on a poem that you were assigned to read for your high school english class, reflective essay writing is all about composing your thoughts on the subject. It is different than an informative essay, for which you may research a topic, or have to come up with ways to support your conclusions. Instead, reflective essay writing is unique to the individual. There is really no wrong answer. In fact, this is the kind of essay in which your teacher wants you to explore your creative thoughts and really think outside of the box. What is the format for writing a reflective essay? If you are writing a reflective essay as a school assignment, your teacher may have provided specific guidelines as to how it should be constructed. Before you get started writing, it is important to make sure you read over any information your teacher has provided about the assignment. In general, reflective essay writing should follow the typical format of introduction, body, and conclusion. It is important to keep up the technical aspects of your writing when constructing a reflective essay because it is so easy to ramble and get off topic. The introduction should give the reader an idea of what your essay is about as well as hint at the conclusion. Brainstorming and prewriting This is a very important step that often goes overlooked when writing a reflective essay. Because of the nature of the assignment, it is often not very hard to gather thoughts and begin writing. However, one of the biggest mistakes that writers often make is feeling confident about an assignment and therefore skipping the prewriting and brainstorming process. Prewriting is not just designed to help you come up with things to write about- it is also plays a very important part in providing structure and framework so that your great thoughts are well connected. Choosing a great prewriting activity depends on your personal style as writer. Some prefer bubble maps to connect thoughts, while others enjoy creating an entire first draft and going back in to edit. Whatever your style, prewriting for a reflective essay should be all about finding structure and creating a backbone for your assignment. Some questions to consider If you are having trouble reflecting on a particular event or literary work, here are some questions that will be helpful in getting you going. Remember, do not be afraid to be bold and have confidence in your thoughts. 1. How did this make me feel? What emotions were evoked? (happy, sad, scared, excited) 2. What did this remind me of? Something in my past? Another story Ive read? 3. How was it different from what I thought it would be? Did I have any ideas going into it? Did it live up to my expectations? 4. How could it have gone differently?

Analysis of the Leader

Analysis of the Leader Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, just like other leadership theories, focuses on leadership from a leader’s perspective, such as the style and trait approaches, and from a point of view of the subject and the context. However, the LMX theory has taken a step further to explain leadership as an act that mainly focuses on the interactions between a leader and his subjects. This paper will analyze the LMX theory based on its development, how it works, its weaknesses and strengths.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Analysis of the Leader-Member Exchange Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Development of LMX Theory The LMX theory was first developed as the vertical linkage (VDL) theory. In the VDL theory, leadership is viewed as vertical linkages that leaders establish between them and their followers. The relationship that exists between leaders and their followers is merely a series of vertical dyads t hat keep the two together. In the VDL theory, two kinds of relationships exist between the leaders and their followers. They include the out-group, which is based on a formal recruitment, and in-group that describes the expanded and negotiated roles that the leaders assign their followers. A follower in an organizational setup that can belong to either the in-group or the out-group and this depends on how well, he or she associates with the leader. The followers, who work well with the leaders, normally have the highest chance of falling in the in-group. The LMX theory was developed by modifying the VDL theory. In the LMX theory, the relationship between the leader and the follower is established in two stages. The first stage, the acquaintance phase, involves the leader coming close to the follower with an aim of enhancing career-development social exchanges, which entail sharing information and resources at work. The second stage, mature partnership, is characterized by leader-mem ber exchanges that are of high quality. In the second stage, the leaders and the followers have at this point assessed their relationship and found out that they can benefit from each other. How LMX Theory Works The LMX theory works based on two principles; the first principle entails leadership description. In leadership description, LMX outlines the way followers in the in-group and out-group operate. The followers in in-group are closer to the leaders and for that reason, are entitled to more benefits at the workplace. The followers in this category, through the guidance of their leaders, are willing and capable of doing more than what is stated in their job description in order to help the company achieve its goals. Unlike the in-group members, the followers in the out-group category do not go beyond what is prescribed in the job contract. The out-group members do not perform any work that falls out of their job description. The leaders give fair treatment to the out-group membe rs as provided for in the formal contract. Since these members do not employ any extra effort in their operations, they are only entitled to benefits that are listed in their formal contract.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second principle, the leadership prescription, explains the efforts that leaders employ in availing various forms of opportunities to help the followers adapt to their new jobs. The principle encourages the leaders to develop ways that can assist them build trust between them and the followers to avoid the coming up of the in-group and out-group categories. The principle ensures that the entire unit of a particular work is made an in-group affair to bring the leaders closer to their followers. Strengths The LMX theory has made significant contributions in the way people perceive the concepts of leadership. Unlike other theories of leade rship that do not touch on dyadic headship, the LMX theory addresses the dyadic relationship and describes how the relationship influences the leadership process. Secondly, the LMX theory through its description principle outlines the issues of work units by describing the contribution of every category of followers. It is through the LMX theory that leaders can be motivated to develop a good relationship with their followers. The theory warns the leaders to desist from exercising biased leadership and to treat their followers equally. The theory is the only one of its kind given that it describes how the general performance of a workplace is influenced by the relationship that exists between leaders and their subordinates. The theory also explains how communication influences leadership; this is evident in the high-quality exchanges that are described in the theory. Weaknesses Even though the LMX theory has addressed the most important aspects of leadership, it has a number of shor tfalls. The theory does not explain some of the important aspects of leadership, such as decision-making rules and promotions that are also known to affect how an institution is managed. The theory addresses the out-group and the in-group issues, but it does not explain how a follower can shift from one group to the other. In that case, it is difficult to create inequalities using the LMX theory. The LMX theory is seen to operate on a basis that violates some of the basic human values such as fairness. The theory advocates for creation of in-group and out-group options in a workplace. When the subordinates are divided into these options, they are certainly not be treated equally by their leaders. Lastly, the theory does not mention any empirical studies that it uses to reach the conclusions that it makes.

10 Steps to Training Your Brain for Peak Performance

10 Steps to Training Your Brain for Peak Performance You can get the greatest job in the world and be set up to have the greatest career you’ve always dreamed of. Think you’re done? Well, you could be. You could rest on your laurels and coast for the rest of your working days. Or you could stay sharp, keep learning, and put yourself in the path for even bigger things. How to do that? Simple. Whether you’re trying to stay sharp to get ahead or just trying to improve your memory and general mental performance, here are a few strategies to train your brain.1. Feed  it well.There is such a thing as brain food. What we eat does affect our memory and function. Get your neural circuits set up for success by eating fish high in omega fatty acids, cut back on the sugar, and eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. Taking a handful of vitamin supplements won’t hurt either. Try B-vitamins, C, E, omegas, choline, and other antioxidants.2. Exercise daily.Exercise increases blood flow and oxygen and nutrients to the brain. Twenty minutes of walking, cycling, swimming, or dancing a day can really improve your cognitive capacity. Plus it makes you look and feel better!3. Play games.Strategy, role-playing, and verbal games, even challenging crossword puzzles or Sudoku can engage your prefrontal cortex and help you build memory, self-awareness, incentive and reward processing.4. Practice meditation.Meditation can be a magic reset button for the brain. Awaken your cells and focus your mind and find yourself better prepared to face the day. Even 15 minutes a day can really make a difference.5.  Get enough sleep.Getting enough rest is absolutely crucial to peak function. If you’re not sleeping enough, you’re compromising your ability to assimilate new information. Give yourself and your brain a chance to rest. Shoot for a minimum of 7 hours a night.6. Keep learning.The day you stop learning is the day you stagnate. Start with things that interest you most, then read up as much as you can. See k out online or in-person lectures, or resources on television or the internet. And read a good book! Even one you don’t expect to be as interested in. You’ll never know where it might take you!7. Trigger your memoriesThumb through old pictures and try to recall what you were doing, eating, wearing, as well as the names of all the people. Digging back for details like these can really stimulate your memory apparatus.8. Turn off the GPS.Remember the good old days of having to write out directions and then find your way to your destination without a voice in your ear telling you to â€Å"Turn right† in 100 feet? It’s actually very useful exercise to let your brain figure out on its own how to get from point A to B. And you’ll figure out your bearings that much faster in a new place.9. Memorize something.Whether a poem or a favorite song, expanding your brain by memorizing something can really help get your brain back in shape. It will also help you t o build your vocabulary.10. Lay off the booze.Drinking in moderation is fine, but alcohol is a depressant and can slow down mental functions. If you need to be at top form, put down the martinis for a day or two. You’ll likely sleep and think much better!

Community Coffee Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Coffee - Research Paper Example Coffee business in any sense should be solely based on quality because if the leaders are not highly riled up about sourcing the finest coffee beans from different regions by effectively cooperating with the people who grow them, the business never transforms into a ceaseless passion but always remains a business established principally for personal gains. Therefore, the management at Community Coffee considers it significantly valuable to make prodigious investments in the people whose job is to grow the most fervently sought coffee beans. We seriously consider these people are most respected partners and always intend to treat them with value and dignity in order to foster a solid partnership which is reputable for fueling a business. Community Coffee targets people from all backgrounds irrespective of class, racial, ethnic, and economic differences. Diversity is embraced by the staff here which not only considers the customers as people who come to get a cup of coffee but as digni fied humans with whom it is important to develop a sound connection which would go farther from just coffee. Together the management and staff at Community Coffee attempt to achieve a competitive edge over other similar businesses by religiously following the core values and business ethics which are essential to sustain success and customer satisfaction. When it is honestly tried by the business leaders to merge together business and ethics in different areas like leadership, decision-making processes, employee management, production, and customer satisfaction, the consequences prove to be quite fruitful for the organizations. Leading by example and behaving in accordance with the professional code of conduct to win the durable trust of the customers is a critically important area which the management at Community Coffee intends to make its hallmark. It is considered fundamentally important by Community Coffee to make wise investments at the right time because in the present fierce ly competitive and dynamic business world, such a smart strategy is the need of the time. In order to help this coffee business garner mainstream popularity and effectively address the highly dynamic customers’ needs, it is always tried by the staff to remain fully open and engaged with the customers from diverse backgrounds. It is important for a simple encounter starting from a simple beverage to culminate in a lasting smile on the face of the customer. We want our business to become a household name in a matter of few years and for this purpose, commitment to diversity is regarded crucially valuable. The talents of multicultural workforce can be most accurately used for gaining competitive advantages by valuing diversity. For this purpose, Community Coffee rigorously attempts to establish an inclusive culture as a way of promoting diversity due to which a riveting repertoire of multicultural perspectives could be formed and that is especially helpful for myriad decision-ma king processes. Also, if the leaders are not careful enough about ethically sourcing the finest beans at most suitable prices, not only are they abandoning their most important obligation but also they are being unfaithful to their

Relevant Information for Decision Making case assignment 3 accounting Essay

Relevant Information for Decision Making case assignment 3 accounting - Essay Example Firstly because similar to the first situation, this is also a future cash flow. Again here the amount should be considered, however the lost profits should definitely not be finalised as this is not a sure value, but is merely an approximation. c) In the third situation, ‘The loss of $2.1 million on the "Without Basinger" film’, the lost profit value needs to be revised. This is mainly because it is the duty of Main Line to reduce its losses by law and this is referred to as the ‘Doctrine for Avoidable Consequences’ (Slovenko). When the company is aware of the possible loss, there is no chance that the company would enter into making the movie after having a clear view of the possible losses, i.e. $2.1 million. Here it is also essential to note that Basinger will not be held responsible for the losses as these are based on the expected sales versus the budgeted costs for Main Line. a) The $3 million salary drawn by Basinger for the final analysis is irrelevant to the determination of lost profits for Main Line. The main reason being that this is an opportunity cost for Basinger, for the course of action adopted by her. However in the case of lack of alternatives, Basinger will be able to contract her services at $1 million and the $3 million will prove to be a compensation for her services. Hence this is in no way relevant to the lost profits of Main Line (Cushman and Carter). b) In the case of ‘The comparison of revenues for Basinger films with revenues for Fenn films’, this again will not be relevant. Basinger is known for the historical success however there is a lack of predictability to determine the possible impact of Basinger’s participation in the current or future films and the revenues of the films. This can be based on the views of Lilliston that movies with big stars do not mean big revenues. The movie by Whoopi Homer and Eddie Bruce also provided complete support to this argument. Hence based on

Travel to Peru for Yoga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Travel to Peru for Yoga - Essay Example Other elements such as product price and ease of acquisition come into play. For instance, you have a car and you want somebody to clean it every day (ideal situation) because you feel bad about cleaning it every-day (actual situation) so you decide to outsource the services of an individual or a specialized firm to do this task at whatever cost. You don’t judge how to reach this ideal situation. So you won’t have a purchase in this situation. This is the second most important element in the buying process of a consumer. Once the consumer had identified the need for a product, the consumer will explore possible solutions to the needed problem. They will look for more information or less information depending on the choices they need to make as pertains to the identified need. There are two main sources for gathering information. They are external and internal sources. The internal source is already present in the consumers’ memory while the external source is obtained from either friends, family or from the press. The consumer will pay much attention to the internal information as opposed to the external information to make purchase decisions. Once the consumer collects all the information, they will explore more alternatives that seem suitable to satisfy their needs and pick the one that befits them. To make this possible, they will evaluate the attributes of a product. Each consumer has a unique way of evaluating these attributes. All brands are not equal to all consumers; consumers prefer different brands to others depending on how they perceive these brands.Consumers will also use the information that they had collected previously to make the evaluation easier for them. At this stage the consumer has evaluated all the options available with regards to the products. The remaining part is to make a purchase for the product that ultimately fulfills their need. This stage may also be

Relationship Between Management And Leadership Management Essay

Relationship Between Management And Leadership Management Essay 1.1: Explain the relationship between management and leadership. Management and leadership, these two terms are often used interchangeably; management is more usually viewed as getting things done through other people in order to achieve organizational goals. The managers may react to specific situations and more concerned with short term problem solving. Management is regarded as related to people working in a structured organization and with prescribed roles. The emphasis of leadership is on interpersonal behaviour in a broader sense. Belbin (1997, p 98) suggests that, there is a clear implication that leadership is not part of the job but quality that can be brought to a job à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The work that leadership encompasses in the context clearly is not assigned but comes about spontaneously. Leadership is one of the many assets of a successful manager which they must have. A leader can be a manager but it is not necessary that a manager must be a leader. The most important aim of a manager is to maximize the organizational output through managerial performance. But leader always seeks new possibilities and understand new possibilities in organization. Most of the workgroups are more loyal to leaders than managers. According to John P. Kotter (1999, p 67), All the managers must know that how to lead as well as manage. Because in this era, organizations may face the threat of loss if their managers do not know how to lead as well as manage. Organizations hire managers and give formal authority to manage people and other activities to fulfil organizational goals. Employees gladly follow the leaders because they want to, not because they have to. Leaders may not have the power to give rewards to the people. However, employees give power to the leaders by fulfilling what they want. On the other hand, managers may rely on formal authority to get employees to complete goals. Management, by its very nature, is challenging, precise, detailed and involves specific and usually, timed, actions.   Leadership, on the other hand,  requires a much broader sense and involves aligning, goal-setting, vision-sharing, inspiration and an inherent lack of any time criticality.  Good management includes aspects of good leadership and good leadership includes aspects of good management.   A leader devoid of management skill and a manager lacking any leadership capability will  each fail.  From my point of view, management is a science and can be learned. Leadership, however, is an art. While some  of the  capabilities necessary to being a great leader can be acquired over time, much of what makes  terrific  leaders great is inborn or, at the very least, was learned much earlier in life.   A successful organisation  cannot exist without both strong leadership and great management.   Over time, an organization will need to expand its team of managers to keep up with  its increasing number of deliverables.   The leadership team, however, will grow at a much slower rate or, perhaps, not at all.   Too many leaders, like too many chefs, will really foul things up. Despite a continuing debate on differences between management and leadership, there is a close relationship between them and it is not easy to separate them as distinct activities. 1.2: Analyse how management and leadership style impacts on the achievement of the objectives of your chosen organisation. Leadership in Nokia As the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Nokia Group, Jorma Ollila has very high educational background, he earned a masters degree in political science from the University of Helsinki, a masters degree in economics from the London School of Economics and a masters degree in science from the Helsinki University of Technology. In 1995, he was awarded an honorary doctorate degree in political science from the University of Helsinki, and in 1998, an honorary doctorate degree in technology from the Helsinki University of Technology. As a worldwide successful leader, he is an expert in the information and communications technology industry, he has plenty experience in this area. He does not only serve for Nokia, he also serves on the boards of Ford Motor Company, Otava Books and Magazines Group Ltd and UPM-Kymmene Corporation. Besides these, he is also a member of several professional organizations in the information and communications technology industry. Jorma has earned the worldwide respect. He is an Honorary Citizen of Beijing, China, and holds the Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany; the Order of Merit of the Hungarian Republic; and the Officers Cross, Order of White Star, Estonia. He is Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau and Commander, 1st Class, of the Order of the White Rose of Finland. Jorma has led Nokias reinvent as a company that sets the benchmark for mobile communications. As CEO he presented an ambitious strategy that successfully restructured the former industrial conglomerate and accelerated its growth into one of the most successful companies in both the mobile phone and telecommunications infrastructure markets. Under his leadership, Nokia has achieved global market leadership and is listed on six major exchanges. Jorma has his distinctive leadership; he concerns both employees and employees tasks. He provides equal opportunities and openness towards people and peoples new ideas are also key elements he wants to nourish. Employees are encouraged to be responsible for their own development and to take advantage of the various development opportunities available He encourages his employees to open discussion and debate, We listen to the views of our employees and act on them when designing our people policies and practices Jorma said. He also set up the investing-in-people program (IIP), which is a coaching and training program for the employees; such programs are very much focus on develop the managers. He provides the flexible working time to the employees; depending on the local market conditions, employees may take advantage of flexi time including flexible working hours and part-time working. Furthermore, Nokia has very good welfare service for the employees, and very good working environme nt. Moreover, he was also concerned about employees tasks. The concept of Nokia value is a guideline for the employees, wherever they are in the world. In order to encourage employees to working hard on the tasks, Nokia has Bonus system, which based on the employees working result. By applying the 360-Degree Feedback analysis, we can see that Jorma is a successful charming leader, who has achieved a high level of self-knowledge. He has the ability to motivate his employees, and very persistence on his career. He owns plenty leaderships, he know is business very well, and set clear performance to the employees. Besides, he is respected in the worldwide. Task 2: Understand management and leadership skills 2.1: Explain the personal and professional skills required for effective management of your chosen organisation. Leadership Requirements / Needs/ Skills: Leadership, as defined by most dictionaries, means to go before, or with, to show the way; to induce. Every organization needs a leader (and preferably several leaders) to show the way to others as the organization strives to define and achieve its goals. Whether these goals are entrepreneurial or humanitarian or both the leaders work is to instill a sense of purpose and passion to the work that the organization undertakes. Identifying, developing and sustaining leadership within the organization must be one of its strategic objectives. Without leaders at every level of organization, the organization may well under-perform. It may miss strategic opportunities, stifle innovation, underutilize its employees, and fall short of its goals in customer service, quality, productivity, and profitability. Russell Consulting, Inc. can guide an organization in identifying and developing its leaders. Organizations also help to develop the key competencies that will help develop and sustain leadership, but also sustain your companys long-term success. Leadership at every level makes all of the difference as to whether the company will be around for the long haul. Companies should invest in leadership today to sustain their success for tomorrow and beyond. The Proposed Competencies of Leadership to be develepoed at RCI: RCI has been developing leaders in its client organizations since 1987. It has designed and developed leadership programs that help define an ambitious role for leaders at every level and then build the competencies to fulfill this role. Some of the competencies that RCI has defined as core to the role of leaders include: Strategic Thinking Coaching Problem Solving Decision Making Systems Thinking Delegation Performance Management and Accountability Inspiring a Shared Vision Managing Conflict Building and Sustaining Teamwork Leading Change Quality and Productivity Improvement Servant Leadership Emotional Intelligence Innovation and Creativity Customer Service Employee Development Develop Trust Dealing with Ambiguity 360 degree feedback leadership style Transformational Leadership style Participative Leadership Participative Leadership Skills required by a manager: A perfect manager is a boon for any company. A good manager needs to have a strong knowledge about the functioning of a company. There are few who are born with natural skills where as there are some who need to work their way towards it. So, what are the skills needed to be a good manager? Which are the qualities he/she needs to have in order to ensure a smooth sailing at work? Well, lets look at what makes a good manager and all about corporate leadership. What are the Skills needed to be a Good Manager? A good manager should have all the basic leadership skills. There are various ways in which a person can handle different situations through various leadership roles. A good leader should be able to guide his/her teammates to be able to perform well. Leadership does not mean dominating people. One of the most important skills of a good manager is the knowledge of effective time management. A person who manages to plan the schedule and divide time equally between tasks can be an asset for the organization. A good manager should also have a visionary sight for the benefits of the company. He/she should plan the future steps for the growth of the company. For a team to perform well, a good manager should be able to motivate the team for their tasks. He/she should encourage talents. In case of people with low performances, he/she should tackle the situation with professionalism to reach a positive conclusion. Even in a crisis situation, a person with good managerial skills should be able to perform well. He/she should be mentally tough to handle any kind of situations. He/she should also be responsible enough to maintain a good office atmosphere. A manager should be sensitive towards others in the workplace. A happy atmosphere would only lead to more productivity for the company. With these skills, a person can definitely strive to be a good manager and thus be an asset for any organization! 2.2: Compare any four (4) skills and attributes of three (3) successful leaders you know. LEADERSHIP OF JORMA OLLILA Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Nokia Group, Jorma Ollila has very high educational background expert in the information and communications technology industry, he has plenty experience in this area Jorma has his distinctive leadership; he concerns both employees and employees tasks. He provides equal opportunities and openness towards people and peoples new ideas are also key elements he wants to nourish. We listen to the views of our employees and act on them when designing our people policies and practices Jorma said. He provides the flexible working time to the employees; depending on the local market conditions, employees may take advantage of flexi time including flexible working hours and part-time working. he was also concerned about employees tasks. LEADERSHIP OF REYMIN ZHANG His leadership is more task-orientated He set up a very clear and straightforward goal for his employees, and renews the companys regulations In order to achieve companys goal to build up the international brand, he divided the tasks to each department in a very specific way. He attaches importance to the employees recruitment, he recruits thousand of new blood every year, additionally, he have very close contact with the well known universities, 15% of his employees were signed contract with Hair when in the last year in the university. 2.3: Assess the expected impact of your own leadership styles on your work How Leadership Can Affect Change In An Organization: The leadership of an organization provides the direction and guidance for the future and can create an environment for growth or destruction dependent on the leadership style and technique that is utilized.    It is inevitable that there will be changes in an organization, whether it is related to downsizing, economic issues or location changes; these are just a few of the current changes that are being dealt with nation-wide.    The leadership of an organization sets the tone and process for others to follow during change.    Decisions that are made and the actions of the leadership mandate what the future holds for an organizations employees. Leaders have different traits that are inherent in their management techniques, those traits can be magnified during change and can help or hinder their leadership opportunities.    During organizational change, goals are set and a leader must possess the aptitude to help employees reach those goals.    A study by R.M. Stogdill discovered that the conception of a leader was someone who acquired status by showing the ability helps a group attain its goals (Yukl, 10.2.1, 2010).    Related to that study, it was noted that relevant traits included intelligence, alertness to the needs of others, understanding of the task, initiative and persistence in dealing with problems, self-confidence, and desire to accept responsibility and occupy a position of dominance and control in leaders (Yukl, 10.2.1, 2010).    Not all traits are universal, as noted by the study by Stogdill (Yukl, 2010), but the relevant traits appear to be found in many leaders.    Self-confidence is a powerful tra it for a leader to possess, but excessive self-confidence can make a leader overly optimistic about the likely success of a risky venture, and it may result in rash decisions and denial of evidence that a plan is flawed. A small company had been acquired by a larger firm. With this, the current leader had been let go and a new leader was appointed to take charge. Anticipate and Prepare-Being acquired by a larger firm may bring more awareness to a company or provide better benefits, but several cons may get in the way at first. During a transition period, many employees are sometimes left without a job, or have decided to move on to other things in the wake of unsatisfied changes. It was no different when a well-liked president of the company was phased out due to financial setbacks. The firm took a lengthy process to make a move until finally appointing an internal employee to serve as the interim president. Left with a lot of the dirty work, the new leader immediately went to work and restored and initiated productivity with his employees. His biggest attribute was that he was prepared for this new role before he was even appointed as the new president. His natural work ethic had already groomed him for charismatic leadership and when the opportunity for advancement came, he wasted no time in taking charge and continuing the work. Likewise, a strategic leader will be able to pick up the pieces and restore work productivity regardless of a drastic change. Being the cheerleader and still an enforcer, Teams leaders are versatile figures held accountable for their employees work performance. Get positioned for the future- A team leaders major objective is to keep worker performance at a high and encourage improving results that would ultimately lead to a brighter outlook and future. Preparing employees now enables them to do such. Team Leaders have a weekly, monthly or even yearly report to give so their main motivation would be to constantly focus on the progress and performance of their individuals. In order to maintain and continue a future of positive results, an effective team leader will use strategic planning in his/her strategic management. Mentally, he/she will find ways to encourage employees to perform high to obtain team incentives, but will also encourage strategic planning at the individual level. Training employees to strategically plan in their prospective territories will alleviate the leader with multiple responsibilities and generate a more productive outcome in the work area. With a focus on the individual employee, a team leader will have the power t o influence his/her employees to control their progress and look towards a better outcome. One department is flourishing with work productivity, while one department is far behind. Focus on the right energies- In a business world where deadlines are demanding and profits are important, companies and their leaders will hold work productivity as a high priority. A strategic leader will observe less than optimum circumstance and move quickly to create beneficial change. Saving time by focusing only on the right energies will help a company profit. For example, an employee serves in two departments, splitting duties between each. It is evident that his/her skills are stronger in research and development rather than in the sales department. A strategic leader may see more value in changing this employees role to work in this stronger area of expertise. At the same time, a strategic leader will realize that this employee may be able to provide unique insight across both functions that others can not. Strategic leaders will observe these situations quickly and waste no time in shifting employees to areas where both the individual and organizations can benefit the most . These glimpses give you some helpful scenarios of how strategic leadership can be applied in your work environment. Should you have any future problems with work productivity, profits or even issues with your employees, address those concerns with some professional guidance and youll discover how an investment in your team will result is bottom line results. Task 3: Be able to apply theory in an organisational context 3.1: Select four (4) appropriate theories of management and leadership to identify leadership requirements in given situations in your chosen organisation 1. Trait Theories: Similar in some ways to Great Man theories, trait theories assume that people inherit certain qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership. Trait theories often identify particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. If particular traits are key features of leadership, then how do we explain people who possess those qualities but are not leaders? This question is one of the difficulties in using trait theories to explain leadership. 2. Contingency Theories: Contingency theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. According to this theory, no leadership style is best in all situations. Success depends upon a number of variables, including the leadership style, qualities of the followers and aspects of the situation. 3. Situational Theories: Situational theories propose that leaders choose the best course of action based upon situational variables. Different styles of leadership may be more appropriate for certain types of decision-making. 4. Behavioral Theories: Behavioural theories of leadership are based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born. Rooted in behaviourism, this leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders not on mental qualities or internal states. According to this theory, people can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation. 5. Participative Theories: Participative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the input of others into account. These leaders encourage participation and contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and committed to the decision-making process. In participative theories, however, the leader retains the right to allow the input of others. The Advantages of Emerging Leadership Theories During the first half of the 20th century, leadership theories focused on traits and skills that were inherent in leaders and assumed that leaders were born, not made. Around 1960, new theories of leadership were developed that considered the impact of followers and tasks on leader effectiveness. These emerging styles, also called modern or current styles, include contingency models, situational and transformational leadership. Predictability Flexibility with Precision Lasting Motivation with Better Results The Advantages of Participative Leadership Theories Participative leadership theories encourage participation from employees on the decision-making process with organizational management. Sometimes the democratic style of leadership allows the employees to give suggestions on how a corporation operates and on decisions that facilitate change. Advantages of the participative theories include better employer and employee relationships, the discovery of future leaders, motivation, team spirit and employee productivity. Team Spirit Employee Productivity Motivation Employer/Employee Relationships Future Leadership Discovery 4.2: Plan the development of management and leadership skills for a given job role in your chosen organization. 4.3 Make justified evaluations of the management and leadership development methods selected in 4.2 above Plan the development of management and leadership skills and evaluation of these skills Strategic leadership is a self-explanatory term, and even when separated, still provides a meaningful definition. A definition of strategic leadership can be summed up as the ability to anticipate, prepare, and get positioned for the future. In past experience, company has been able to pinpoint specific examples of colleagues who have exemplified strategic leadership in their professions. Here are some examples of how strategic leadership is essential to a work environment. A small company had been acquired by a larger firm. With this, the current leader had been let go and a new leader was appointed to take charge. Anticipate and Prepare-Being acquired by a larger firm may bring more awareness to a company or provide better benefits, but several cons may get in the way at first. During a transition period, many employees are sometimes left without a job, or have decided to move on to other things in the wake of unsatisfied changes. It was no different when a well-liked president of the company was phased out due to financial setbacks. The firm took a lengthy process to make a move until finally appointing an internal employee to serve as the interim president. Left with a lot of the dirty work, the new leader immediately went to work and restored and initiated productivity with his employees. His biggest attribute was that he was prepared for this new role before he was even appointed as the new president. His natural work ethic had already groomed him for charismatic leadership and when the opportunity for advancement came, he wasted no time in taking charge and continuing the work. Likewise, a strategic leader will be able to pick up the pieces and restore work productivity regardless of a drastic change. Being the cheerleader and still an enforcer, Teams leaders are versatile figures held accountable for their employees work performance. Get positioned for the future- A team leaders major objective is to keep worker performance at a high and encourage improving results that would ultimately lead to a brighter outlook and future. Preparing employees now enables them to do such. Team Leaders have a weekly, monthly or even yearly report to give so their main motivation would be to constantly focus on the progress and performance of their individuals. In order to maintain and continue a future of positive results, an effective team leader will use strategic planning in his/her strategic management. Mentally, he/she will find ways to encourage employees to perform high to obtain team incentives, but will also encourage strategic planning at the individual level. Training employees to strategically plan in their prospective territories will alleviate the leader with multiple responsibilities and generate a more productive outcome in the work area. With a focus on the individual employee, a team leader will have the power t o influence his/her employees to control their progress and look towards a better outcome. One department is flourishing with work productivity, while one department is far behind. Focus on the right energies- In a business world where deadlines are demanding and profits are important, companies and their leaders will hold work productivity as a high priority. A strategic leader will observe less than optimum circumstance and move quickly to create beneficial change. Saving time by focusing only on the right energies will help a company profit. For example, an employee serves in two departments, splitting duties between each. It is evident that his/her skills are stronger in research and development rather than in the sales department. A strategic leader may see more value in changing this employees role to work in this stronger area of expertise. At the same time, a strategic leader will realize that this employee may be able to provide unique insight across both functions that others can not. Strategic leaders will observe these situations quickly and waste no time in shifting employees to areas where both the individual and organizations can benefit the most . These glimpses give you some helpful scenarios of how strategic leadership can be applied in your work environment. Should you have any future problems with work productivity, profits or even issues with your employees, address those concerns with some professional guidance and youll discover how an investment in your team will result is bottom line results. How Leadership Can Affect Change In An Organization: How Leadership Can Affect Change in an Organization The leadership of an organization provides the direction and guidance for the future and can create an environment for growth or destruction dependent on the leadership style and technique that is utilized.    It is inevitable that there will be changes in an organization, whether it is related to downsizing, economic issues or location changes; these are just a few of the current changes that are being dealt with nation-wide.    The leadership of an organization sets the tone and process for others to follow during change.    Decisions that are made and the actions of the leadership mandate what the future holds for an organizations employees. Leaders have different traits that are inherent in their management techniques, those traits can be magnified during change and can help or hinder their leadership opportunities.    During organizational change, goals are set and a leader must possess the aptitude to help employees reach those goals.    A study by R.M. Stogdill discovered that the conception of a leader was someone who acquired status by showing the ability helps a group attain its goals (Yukl, 10.2.1, 2010).    Related to that study, it was noted that relevant traits included intelligence, alertness to the needs of others, understanding of the task, initiative and persistence in dealing with problems, self-confidence, and desire to accept responsibility and occupy a position of dominance and control in leaders (Yukl, 10.2.1, 2010).    Not all traits are universal, as noted by the study by Stogdill (Yukl, 2010), but the relevant traits appear to be found in many leaders.    Self-confidence is a powerful tra it for a leader to possess, but excessive self-confidence can make a leader overly optimistic about the likely success of a risky venture, and it may result in rash decisions and denial of evidence that a plan is flawed. CONCLUSION   In conclusion, The process of accessing a persons leadership ability is a complex and often a difficult task; different leaders has different leadership style, there are many factors influence them on their leadership, such as the personal characteristics, the situation they have involved, and also the people need to manage, etc. Jorma have a very people-oriented style of leadership, he concern about his subordinate; conversely, Reymin is a more product-oriented leader, he paid big attention on the employees task more them employee themselves. There many leadership models can be adopted to analyze those two leader, but there are three most suitable models have been adopted, whatever the models have been used, it is all exactly reflect Jorma and Reymins personal leadership style.

outbreak :: essays research papers

Filoviruses Viruses are microscopic intracellular parasites that can only reproduce within a host cell. Viruses lack the enzymes for the process of metabolism and contain no ribosomes or other parts to make their own proteins. The types of cells a virus can infect are limited to its host range. Filoviruses (Figure 1) belong to a virus family called Filoviridae and can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. Filovirus virons appear in several shapes; these shapes are known as pleomorphism. They may either appear as long, often branched filaments, shorter filaments, or in a circle formation. The filaments can measure up to 14,000 nanometers in length, and have some have a diameter of up to 80 nanometers. Each is coated in a lipid membrane and contains a molecule of negative-sense RNA. Replication of filoviruses occurs through the production of buds on the surface of the host cell (See Figure 1). The two types of filoviruses that have been identified are the Marburg virus and Ebola virus. There are four different subtypes of the Ebola virus: Ivory Coast, Sudan, Zaire, and Reston. Ebola-Reston does not cause any severe disease conditions in humans it can however, be fatal within monkeys. Marburg The Marburg disease (Figure 2) was first seen in the August, 1967 in Marburg, Germany. Three workers that were employed by Behringwerke AG, a vaccine-producing branch from pharmaceutical company, Hoechst AG were suffering from muscle aches and mild fevers. The conditions the workers had were similar to characteristic of the flu, but it was strange to have the flu in the summer. They were then hospitalized. The following day they became nauseated. Their spleens became enlarged and their eyes became bloodshot. The demeanors grew morose but aggressive. In addition, the nurse and doctor who were taking care of the three patients became ill. By September 23, the number of patients suffering from this Marburg grew to 23. Two other outbreaks were occurring in Frankfurt and Yugoslavia. The people sick were also employees of pharmaceutical research or were in the field of patient care. Many people feared that this deadly virus was airborne. A great deal of mystery surrounded the illness since no one was aware of how it was transmitted, what an effective treatment might be, or how many more people could potentially get sick. Each patient exhibited the same symptoms and went through the same process before dying.

Classic Hollywood in Comedy Films

During Hollywood's classical period, the seamless style was particularly favored, it championed narrative economy. In other words, films were constructed so that the viewer was not aware of the construction. This practice of effacing a film's construction actually depends on a complex system of visual codes. Hollywood films, as opposed to art films or some types of foreign films, embrace a narrative that is highly efficient and that is determined by cause and effect. For example, The opening of a film typically plunges us_ _into an immediate understanding of an individual character. While natural causes, like floods and earthquakes, or societal causes, such as wars or strikes, might prod the character in a certain direction or serve as a backdrop, the narrative inevitably centers on the individual's choices. This swift movement toward resolution of the conflict has been made efficiently in what is often referred to as the three-act structure. As celebrated screenwriter Ernest Lehman put it more clearly, â€Å"In the first act, it's who are the people and what is the situation of this whole story. The second act is the progression of that situation to a high point of conflict. And the third act is how the conflicts and problems are resolved. † Though modern films frequently depart from the continuity style, this style remains a baseline standard of effective visual storytelling. During the classical Hollywood era, each studio was known for a certain genre of film or a particular roster of stars. Spencer Tracy, Bing Crosby, Charlie Chaplin were some of the well-known performers that emerged during this period. Comic films began to appear in significant numbers during the era of silent films in roughly 1895 to 1930. The visual humor of these silent films relied on slapstick. A very early comedy short was Watering the Gardener (1895) by the Lumiere brothers. In American film, the most prominent comic actors of the silent era were Charlie Chaplin. A popular trend during the 1920s and afterward was comedy in the form of animated cartoons with stars such as Betty Boo appearing. Toward the end of the 1920s, the introduction of sound into movies made possible dramatic new film styles and the use of verbal humor. Many film scholars will argue, film was never entirely â€Å"silent. † Most movies were accompanied by some kind of music and even, at times, live narration. During the 1930s the silent film comedy was replaced by dialogue from film comedians such as the W. C. Fields and the Marx Brothers. The comedian Charlie Chaplin was one of the last silent film hold-outs. 1930 and 1948 are generally considered bookends to Hollywood's Golden Age, the period when these eight companies secured 95 percent of all film rentals and close to 70 percent of all box-office receipts. In the United Kingdom, film adaptations of stage farces were popular in the early 1930s, while the music hall tradition strongly influenced film comedy into the 1940s. With the entry of the United States into World War II, Hollywood became focused on themes related to the conflict. Comedies portrayed military themes such as service, civil defense, boot-camp. The war-time restrictions on travel made this a boom time for Hollywood, and nearly a quarter of the money spent on attending movies. As TV became filled with family-oriented comedies, the 1950s saw a trend toward more adult social situations. Only the Walt Disney studios continued to steadily release family comedies. The release of comedy films also went into a decline during this decade. Toward the end of the 1950s, darker humor and more serious themes had begun to emerge, including satire and social commentary. Dr. Strangelove (1964) was a satirical comedy about Cold War paranoia. Among the leading lights in comedy films of the next decade were Woody Allen and Mel Brooks. Both wrote, directed and appeared in their movies. Brooks' style was generally slapstick and zany in nature, often parodying film styles and genres, including Universal horror films (Young Frankenstein), westerns (Blazing Saddles) and Hitchcock films (High Anxiety). Most British comedy films of the early 70s were spin-offs of television series, including Dad's Army and On the Buses. The greatest successes, however, came with the films of the Monty Python team, including _And Now For Something Completely Different_ (1971), One of the major developments of the 1990s was the re-emergence of the romantic comedy film, encouraged by the success of When Harry Met Sally†¦ n 1989 Another development was the increasing use of â€Å"gross-out humor† usually aimed at a younger audience, in films like _There's Something About_ Mary__, American Pie) and its sequels. In mid 2000s the trend of â€Å"gross-out† movies is continuing, with adult-oriented comedies picking up the box office. The screwball comedy is a subgenre of the co medy film genre. It has proven to be one of the most popular and enduring film genres. First gained prominence in 1934 with It Happened One Night and, although many film scholars would agree that its classic period ended ometime in the early 1940s, elements of the genre have persisted, or have been paid homage to, in contemporary film. Modern screwball comedies include: Burn After Reading (2008), d. Joel and Ethan Coen Pineapple Express) (2008) d. David Gordon Green The Hangover) (2009) d. Todd Phillips Many elements of the screwball genre can be traced back to such stage plays such as ‘__As You Like_ It_’and and Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest. Like farce, screwball comedies often involve mistaken identities or other circumstances in which a character or characters try to keep some important fact a secret. Sometimes screwball comedies feature male characters cross-dressing, further contributing to the misunderstandings (Bringing Up Baby, I Was a Male War Bride, Some Like It Hot). They also involve a central romantic story, usually in which the couple seem mismatched and even hostile to each other at first, and â€Å"meet cute† in some way. Another common element is fast-talking, witty repartee (You Can't Take It With You), His Girl Friday). This stylistic device did not originate in the screwballs (although it may be argued to have reached its zenith there): it can also be found in many of the old Hollywood cycles including the gangster film, romantic comedies, and others. The philosopher Stanley Cavell has noted that many classic screwball comedies turn on an interlude in the state of Connecticut (Bringing Up Baby, The Lady Eve, The Awful Truth Some notable directors of screwball comedies include: Frank Capra George Cukor Howard Hawks